@article{ author = {JodakiAzizi, Asadollah and MousaviHaji, Seyyed Rasool}, title = {Review and study of meaning and function of the words "Tachar" and "Hadish" in the collections of the Achaemenid Persepolis and Susa}, abstract ={Undoubtedly, Achamenid architecture is one of remarkable periods of Iranian architecture, which is apparent in their three cities of Susa, Pasargadae, and Persepolis. Differently, some of the structures have especial labels in inscriptions in Achamenid period. There are considerable numbers of "Tachar" and "Hadish" in Susa and Persepolis, where Achamenid kings characteristically used to call some structures. There have been various researches to recognize architecture of the period, with burdens of linguists to understand ancient Persian; however, there have not been appropriate answers to raised questions, for which researchers explain varieties of reasons and definitions.Some functionally involved in the problem as such, while the others only regard planning patterns. One of the researchers knows "Tachar" predecessor of "Tazar" of modern Persian, while reasons southward plan of the structure accordingly; another one consider "Tachar" as a single object and equals it to palace, at the same time, the other one knows it closet or next house. Several researchers know "Hadish" as residence or home, while the others believe it as predecessor of "Khadish" as dame or queen.However, there is lack comprehensive reasoning on the subject,which is because lack of independent and holistic research. Here, there is an attempt to investigate architectural plan of the structures in order to compare the structures to their labels, and then investigate comprehensively the reason of naming. Methodologically, the paper involves historically and descriptively in whatever data collected bibliographically. The basic question is what is reasoned relation between function and label of the structures?Conclusions indicate that buildings with "Tachar" in their inscriptions are structurally interiorized. However, structural plan is unknown, in some cases, or with ambiguities, they have common structural features. Several scholars suggest a seasonal function for the structures, but it is doubtful while locating in same climate, they face to north, south, and east. Few dictionaries suggest "treasure" for the structures, which is compatible to interiority of the structure. "Hadish" is the ancient Persian form of "Khadish" in Dari Persian as Deam or queen, which functionally is equal to Tachar, accordingly, they usually come one after another in inscriptions. Hadish means residence or seraglio, while Tachar means treasure or closet; they have similar implication and function.That is the reasonthat both used in labeling structures that were residences or courts.Hadish is functionally against Apadana; present paper suggests seraglio or sanctuary as the same function. They were specially used for seclusion of kings or queens of the period, at the same time; it was probably especial residence of queen mother. Present paper indicates that northern half of the Susa and Persepolis complexes worked as exterior and public part, while structure at southern half, especially at western part of Persepolis, and several buildings of southern district worked as seraglio for Achamenis kings}, Keywords = {Achamenid architecture, Susa, Persepolis, Tachar, Hadish,}, volume = {9}, Number = {17}, pages = {1-20}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-461-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-461-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {RezaeiGhahroodii, Sedigheh and Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjav}, title = {Reviewing and Implementing International Valuation Criteria for Industrial Architectural Heritage}, abstract ={Some historical monuments are considered the heritage of universal value due to their exceptional features. The industrial heritage as part of world heritage is a new phenomenon and the result of the world's industrialization. They have entered the global culture due to having hidden material and spiritual values. Global measures are required to preserve these valuable heritages. Note that industrial architectural heritage is only a part of the overall concept of industrial heritage. Knowing the values and position in the regional architectural identity is a prerequisite to preserve. Dealing with the industrial buildings and monuments, as remnants of the industrial era, is a new concept introduced in developing countries. In Iran, it is essential to research in this field due to the historical background of industry entry to Iran and unique industrial building. This has something to do with the fact that Iranian architectural-industrial heritage, as part of a forgotten heritage, is in danger of destruction and if igonored, We will certainly lose these valuable remnants. Therefore, identifying and evaluating the hidden features and values of industrial heritage can be the first step to preserve. Due to the necessity of knowing the status quo of industrial-architectural heritage in the world, this article aimed to study and analyze the industrial heritage inscribed on the List of World. In this regard, the concepts on the World Heritage criteria, taken into account in registering monuments, were analyzed. The results are used for (more familiarity and a more tangible understanding of the capabilities and features of generalizability of World Heritage criteria in the field of industrial architectural heritage.}, Keywords = {Industrial Heritage, Registration Criteria, Valuation, Reviewing}, volume = {9}, Number = {17}, pages = {21-38}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-526-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-526-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Afshari, Mohse}, title = {Privacy Spatial and Temporal Distances in Nomadic Settelments}, abstract ={Human always in interaction with their social environment, have consider some degree of privacy with different purposes, for themselves, the people around them and carry out their activities. Creating privacy depends on two elements; subjective meanings that ruling the creation of privacy, and the second sentence are person available facilities. Privacy is not seen, heard, smelled and availability of things that find objectivity with respect to spatial and temporal distances in the living environment. The main issue of this research is to inquire about the nature of privacy in residential areas, and its purpose is to understand the reasons for the formation of privacy in residential areas. The significance and necessity of this research can be expressed in a definition of the dwelling in such a way that the dwelling is the center of everyday human activities, which these activities are separated from each other by privacies. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the nature of these privacies, which defines the external credibility of the research in order to redefine this feature in the design of residential environments. Ahead research has been based on the observation and description of manmade environment, with reasons argues to the privacy type’s characteristics, its origins and how it deals with the physical environment, which is adorned with objective evidence of Qashqai tribe living environment. The findings of this study show that the subjective meanings ruling on the creation of privacy in case study residential environments are affected by things such as "women's situation" and "family social status", and facilities that are used in the environment to ensure privacy, are spatial and temporal characteristics in man-made environments. Spatial characteristics with aspects such as "spatial distance" and "forward / backward" afford privacy in the physical environment, and temporal characteristics get the aspects such as "temporal distance" and " temporal sequence of settings", that have rooted in respect smelling, hearing and visual distances in different cultures. The results of this research to helps understand how human use of the environment affordances for interaction with their social environment.}, Keywords = {dwelling, privacy, spatial and temporal distances, Qashqai}, volume = {9}, Number = {17}, pages = {39-52}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-502-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-502-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Tahani, Asadollah and dahmardehpahlavan, mehdi and rezairahimi, Mohamad and Tahani, Hojatollah}, title = {Strategic urban development planning with emphasis on popular participation (Case study: Shahrreza worn texture) *}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {9}, Number = {17}, pages = {53-62}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-544-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-544-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Comparative evaluation of the mixed mortar design based on different Sarooj and determining the best mixing plan}, abstract ={Sarooj is one of the oldest materials consumed in Iran and countries that have a history of strong architecture; a detailed history since the beginning of the use of this mortar is not available but in many ancient constructions can be found using the Sarooj . One of the most important properties of Sarooj is low permeability of this mortar.In this research Sarooj mortar  mix was collected in a written source of the 13 and after collecting 5 similar  mixing designs to test, review and study. Each of the designs made once the goat hair with 2 cm and once with 2 mm polypropylene. Ash used in this research is the wind ash from Isfahan.  Other mix design with microsilica with 99 percent silica. four cubic samples from each mix design were built in 5  centimeters district. Then four samples were made in dimensions 10 × 50 × 50 mm and four sales in dimensions 5 × 50 × 50 mm. It is observed that by reducing the thickness of the mortar, the rate of shrinkage is appreciably reduced. One cube sample with 5 centimeters dimension made with egg whites and Hydrated lime, abother sample with egg whites and Hydrated lime, one cube sample made with egg whites and micronized lime. The last cubic sample made with egg yolks and  micronized lime. In a summary of the findings of this 2-year study, the main reason for the use of a Sarooj l for moisture was the fact that it was too late due to the lateness and fine grain content of the mortar, it was regularly peeled for several days, and Vertebral column causes the surface of the pores and surfaces to disappear and a glassy surface.  }, Keywords = {: Sarooj mortar , Mix designe , Water absorption , The proportion of lime, Fly ash, wind stone, clay.}, volume = {9}, Number = {17}, pages = {63-74}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-545-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-545-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mahdavian, Vahid and mohammadi, mahmoo}, title = {Evaluating the influence of rules and regulations of urban constructions on height plan implementation (Revision of comprehensive plan for Isfahan-district 4)}, abstract ={The fast growth of urbanism in Iran throughout the last half-century resulted in upholding the expansion of cities as well as the promotion of constructions thereof. Of significant problems and challenges Iran’s cities and metropolises ,in particular, are exposed to, is the failure of urban development plans in control of city height and density. A matter which has led to 100% expansion of the city area with a population density about 100 individuals in each acre of Isfahan metropolis, in a way that is far beyond the urban predicted developing plans in surrounding areas and mostly agriculture fields. As for the existence of about 2500 acres approved archaic fabric as well as similar disapproved archaic fabric in comparison with the 21000-acre area of the city, it has been ineffective in the renovation and development of inner fabrics. There are multiple books and studies regarding the performance of these plans mostly on impressibility of these plans from external factors such as economic, social, politic conditions and the evaluation of their implementation level under their influence. What is discoverable in this study in a descriptive-analytic way and in the scale of one district out of 15 districts of Isfahan is the exploration of two residential fabric physical factors, i.e., segmentation and passage network patterns on attested heights by-law for district-4 for the evaluation of implementation level of predicted height and density in its last urban development plan, that is, comprehensive plan revision enacted in 2014. According to the records and maps achieved from the present study, the height plan implementable in district 4 is in contrast with attested height plan; likewise, the 24% density predicted in its perspective is not accessible.  }, Keywords = {height plan, segmentation pattern, passage network pattern, masterplan revision, Isfahan district-4}, volume = {9}, Number = {17}, pages = {75-90}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-474-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-474-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mozaffar, Farhang and kianersi, mansoureh}, title = {The Main Factors of Promoting Designerly Thinking (Conventional and Situation-based Thinking) in Teaching the Basics of Architectural Designing}, abstract ={Abstract Generally, design thinking has been defined as an analytic and creative process so that it provides opportunities for experience, creation, receiving comments, and redesigning. Design thinking is linked to the fields such as architecture, designing and art and is also discussed in many disciplines. Among various proposed paradigms, emphasizing on the academic-educational aspect and as one of its defined subcategories, designerly thinking is taken into account as a method based on reasoning which is related to teaching architecture. Due to the complex nature of both teaching and design thinking, their relation includes different delicacies. Although some studies have been conducted on design thinking as a type of thinking, its consideration, inclusion and presence in teaching architecture have not yet been mentioned completely and clearly. The present paper aims at defining the contribution of design thinking in the mentioned descipline through dividing conventional and situation-based thinking, and teaching introductory courses of architecture designing as the basic designing courses. To reach this aim, inference and content analysis of the results of the studies conducted on design thinking, teaching architecture designing to have a better perception of the characteristics, process, and differences between the novices and connoisseurs together with using successful experiences are all necessary things in this discipline. By applying content analysis method (coding process and defining the principal categories) and deductive reasoning, we analyzed the authoritative studies and in order to consider indigenous education and to enjoy the teacher’s opinions, the teachers and scholars’ responses in this regard were analyzed in the completion of the research data. The results of the procedure were explained in three categories: knowledge development, type of statement of the problem and teaching how to reflect (in three branches of self-observance, self-monitoring and self-assessment). Implementation of each category is explained in eight stages and then, the strategies were evaluated by designing a quasi-experimental study between the test and control groups from the students studying at the third semester of bachelor’s degree in the field of architecture. The results are presented in form of three groups including the main strategy, educational designing and monitoring of teaching and assessment for teaching basic designing courses which are significant to the researchers in the fields of teaching, architecture and design thinking.  }, Keywords = {Design Thinking, Architectural Education, Design Thinking Education}, volume = {9}, Number = {18}, pages = {1-18}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-521-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-521-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {}, title = {A study on the effect of urban blocks order on the environment perception in historical texture (Chahar-Bagh Street) compared with the renewed one (Foulad-Shahr City Center)}, abstract ={The environment meaning is one of the components in the city image that is formed under the influence of human factors and the artifact environment. So far, many research studies were performed on the impact of the artifact environment components on the environment meaning. But what is ignored and not studied is the order imposed on urban blocks. urban blocks are investigated in diverse aspects like environment, energy consumption, social interaction, pedestrian movement, etc in order to provide appropriate pattern for urban designers. The main subject in the present survey is ignorance of order imposed on urban blocks in environment meaning studies. Therefore, urban designers have no access to appropriate directions about this viewpoint to use in designing the related project in urban spaces. This problem is more important in relation to spaces with function at urban scale. Based on this matter, a question is raised as what is the right and appropriate order imposed on urban blocks in spaces with function at urban scale? For finding the answer, it seems that the comparison of two historical and renewed textures is appropriate in Chahar-Bagh Street and Foulad-Shahr City Center, respectively with different block orders. Therefore, the goal of this article is to determine a suitable order for blocks with function at urban scale. For achievement of this matter, a comparison was performed between Chahar-Bagh Street and Foulad-Shahr City Center using statistical correlation, chi square and Fisher test. Finally, it was found that historical Chahar-Bagh Street generates the required perception for spaces with function at urban scale.}, Keywords = {Order, Urban block, Environmental meaning, chi square, Chahar-Bagh, Foulad-Shahr.}, volume = {9}, Number = {18}, pages = {19-32}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-485-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-485-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Golshani, Hadyeh and MahmoodiKamelabadi, Mehdi}, title = {CONTEXT- ORIENTED ARCHITECTURAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CHAHAR BAGH ABBASI STREET IN ESFAHAN}, abstract ={The view at the apparent composition of the streets of a city is the first visual perception of each person from that city. Charbagh Abbasi Street is a valuable centerpiece in identity of Isfahan as a historical city. Over time, due to body wear and erosion and unplanned renovations, some significant changes have been made in the physical form of this axis, and the identity aspects of the Chaharbagh axis have been undermined. By investigating Charbagh Abbasi Street, from the perspective of context, one can determine the degree of visual unity. It will also be possible to put buildings in different applications according to a specific plan, while maintaining the independence of style and innovation in relation to the adjacent monuments, in peaceful coexistence with the physical environment around them. In context-oriented architectural considerations, the focus should be on the issue of retreat from the street, the distance from adjacent buildings, how to combine the construction volumes, the approximate height, proportions and orientation of the facade, the shape and distant landscape, the door and window mode, the materials, the color and the scale of the building as well as particular attention was paid to the elements of mini-scale. So far, researchers have studied this street in descriptive, historical and cultural view, but less focused on the basics of context in this axis. The purpose of this article is to introduce the context of the architecture and to analyze the current status of Charbagh Abbasi Street in accordance with the factors of context. The purpose of this article is to introduce the context of the architecture of the context and to analyze the current status of Charbagh Abbasi Street in accordance with the factors of context. The research method is descriptive-analytical and data collection method is through field observation. By recognizing the context-oriented architecture and studying the principles of context-oriented, Chaharbagh's body is examined through context-oriented components.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {9}, Number = {18}, pages = {33-52}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-556-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-556-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The Analys with Nuge Abad Sabats Of Naeen (locating and study physical)}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {9}, Number = {18}, pages = {53-70}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-557-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-557-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Naghavi, Pooyan and Kiani, Mostaf}, title = {Explaining the Realationship between Vernacular Architecture & Contexualism}, abstract ={Vernacular architecture has increasingly absorbed the attention of architectural communities in recent decades. Finding a common feature between all the historical and geographical varieties of vernacular architecture will improve the recognition of this kind of architecture. On the other hand, context and contextualism in architecture is a multidimensional tendency and all the different architectures have made their own benefits from that. In this survey, vernacular architecture contextualization has been studied, around this main question that how much vernacular architecture is related to contextualism in different aspects of the context. In this article using the descriptive-analytical method, different definitions and aspects of vernacular architecture given by specialist, experts have been scrutinized and contextualistically reconsidered to make a clear-cut understanding of the relationship between vernacular architecture and contextualism. The analysis of written resources in vernacular architecture in this survey highlights the tendency of the writers to different aspects of the context. It should be mentioned that contextuality is a relative value and it can be measured in case of comparing official architecture versus vernacular, the two which are considered opposites.}, Keywords = {Context, Contextualism, Vernacular Architecture, Contextual Architeture, Aspects of Context}, volume = {9}, Number = {18}, pages = {71-90}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-678-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-678-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {HoseiniKeshtan, Reza and zamanifard, Mohammad Amin and zamanifard, Ali}, title = {The role of chemical parameters and soil texture quality in the erosion of adobe in the Belgias historical site}, abstract ={The ruins of impressive structure made by adobe known as the city of “Belgheis” is located 3 km from Esfarayen in the province of North Khorasan of Iran. The role of soil quality in the occurrence of damages to clay and adobe structures of Belqis area is the purpose of this research. Choosing the right soil is the first step in the preparation of adobe, Therefore, it is necessary to study the role of soil. The collected samples were analyzed by using Physical, chemical and mineralogical studies. The fine-grained soil texture is full of sand, silt with reduction of clay. also, the destructive phases of Muscovite and Calcite are in samples. All of These are in accordance with soil studies of the region. these cases as Physical and Chemical was determined as parameters of soil in process of Damage caused by descending humidity.}, Keywords = {Belgias, Earth Architecture, Adobe, conservation, pathology}, volume = {9}, Number = {18}, pages = {91-110}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-629-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-629-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Compiling the Conceptual Framework of «Garden Archeology»; Functions, Techniques and Challenges}, abstract ={The garden has a social, aesthetic and artistic representational capacity, and is a mix of static and dynamic elements that protect, rebuild and revive with theoretical, practical and technical challenges. "Garden archeology" is considered to be a subclass of archeological activity, which, after the Second World War and especially in recent decades, has been the focus of attention on projects for the restoration of historical gardens in developed countries. The purpose of this research is to recognize and analyze: a) the historical streams of the garden archeology and the explanation of its future horizons; (b) the typology of methods and techniques; (c) the recognition of the functions and subsequent challenges; and, ultimately, the development of a conceptual framework of it in the experience of the restoration of historical gardens. For this purpose, a logical reasoning method based on the analysis, classification and critique of written and library data will be used and will result in a logical reasoning based on the inference approach. The conceptual model derived from three aspects, including "function", "method", and "challenge", and the results represent the movement of destructive methods in exploration to non-destructive techniques (remote sensing, aerial photography, and geophysical surveying). The archeological functions of the garden also include a variety of "restoration" to "interpretation," which reflects the attention to "anthropology" and interdisciplinary topics. The challenge of "authentication", "history", "data interpretation" and "specialization" can also be arranged in this context, due to "exploration methods" and "strands involved". Finally, suggestions for using garden archeology in the Iran, based on challenges and opportunities, have been recommended. }, Keywords = {Historical Gardens, Archaeobotany, Garden Restoration, Modeling}, volume = {9}, Number = {19}, pages = {1-20}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-535-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-535-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {arab, hasanali and khaledian, satar}, title = {Formation of Urban Architectural Features of the Achaemenid Period at the Dahan-e Gholaman}, abstract ={The Achaemenid site of Dahan-i Gholaman is located in Sistan province (Ancient Zaranka). This city formed at the beginning of the Achaemenid period without any background of establishment and abandoned after 150 years. The water of site is supplied through transferring water from one of Hirmand's branches and supported by favorable agricultural land and the canebrake around Hamoon. Architectural structures of this site concerning the local conditions are built by using indigenous materials like mud-brick. As well as the scattering of structures of this city adapted with natural capabilities, followed the Persian style based on social texture and Indo-European caste and creates several different city blocks (parish), the pattern that continues by the welcoming of urban communities in the Near East during the Parthian and Sasanian historical periods. Also, a model which has been the factor of forming urban texture in the royal cities of the Achaemenid period can be seen in a different style in this site. Although the formation of this city was influenced by the Achaemenid elite in the Sistan region, its abandonment happened to its inhabitants due to the lack of urbanization or urban identity. However, based on the accumulation of native architectural memory in this area, it assumes that from the late Bronze Age and the end of the Shahr-e Soukhte to the Achaemenid period, there were settlements in this area, in spite of the lack of archaeological evidence.}, Keywords = {Achaemenid City, Dahan-e Gholaman, Urban Construction, Urban Texture, Urbanization, Sistan}, volume = {9}, Number = {19}, pages = {21-34}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-547-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-547-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {ShekariNiri, Javad and Taavusi, Mahmoud and Fakhar-eTehrani, Farh}, title = {Rab-e Rashidi and Reviewing Regeneration Projects and Contemporary Peripheral Studies}, abstract ={Performing field studies on the Tabriz Rab-e Rashidi site reveals contradictions and poses a serious challenge to the views presented; one of them was the disparity between the information about existing and printed geographical maps with the discussed location. The second point is the non-compliance of presented regeneration plans in the current location and the reality, the scale and the principle of descriptions of Rab-e Rashidi in the deed of endowment, Savaneh Al-Afkar and other historical documents. The present studies have seriously questioned the results of the previous studies and raised several questions; whether the current enclosure, called Rashidi castle, was the original Rab-e Rashidi or a part of a larger complex? The first hypothesis of the research is that Rab-e Rashidi described in the deed of endowment in a large scale cannot fit in the current enclosure with a few hectares. The second question of this study is that why is the large tower locate in the south part of the castle which was previously considered as an observatory, unusually built at the lowest point? The second hypothesis of this study is that the observatory tower is usually built at the highest level, so the mentioned tower does not have an observatory use, and it is only defensive. The results of the study revealed that the current location of Rashidi castle, contrary to previous assumptions, could not be the entire Rab-e rashidi, but part of Rashid Abad. Historical maps, documents, and narratives of locals introduce this location as Rashidi castle. The present project has obtained the complete plan of the tower and the fortification of the manipulated castle during the Safavid era, and has also recreated its three-dimensional design. The general design of Rab-e Rashidi Rotheh plan and also architectural spaces were extracted as a table and turned into diagrams by referring to the text of the deed of endowment. The map of Rotheh was drawn by using them and based on a somewhat realistic scale. Field research has shown that there are not many works left from Rab-e Rashidi described in the deed of endowment. The purpose of publishing the results of the research is expressing the facts and events of Rab-e Rashidi as the most important scientific and academic phenomena in Iran during the eighth century, which has been done based on principled and cognitive documentary critique.}, Keywords = {Deed of Endowment of Rab-e Rashidi, Rashid Abad Fortress, Map of Colonel Qarajeh Daghi, Contradictions of the Wilber Plan, Rashidi County}, volume = {9}, Number = {19}, pages = {35-50}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-562-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-562-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Soltani, Mahdi and Nadimi, Hadi}, title = {History of Mentalities in Iranian Architecture: Subjects, Methods and References}, abstract ={In the history of Iranian architecture, different aspects of popular architecture are less known. Common people have been living in the buildings with significant architecture and had different mentalities towards them. They also had various opinions and beliefs about the profession of architecture itself, design and construction process, the architects and patrons. History of mentalities as an embranchment of cultural history was proposed by historians with regard to considerations of the people of the past toward different phenomena. We may use this historiographical approach in Iranian architecture studies and for understanding people's mentality toward different meanings of architecture. This approach studies collective and daily perceptions and views towards architecture, instead of focusing on the body of architectural properties and formal thoughts. This approach uses various common methods in humanities and has its own etiquette. Subjects and examples of the history of mentality in Iranian architecture are various. Topics such as people's mentality toward private architecture, their view to mythical architecture and also their imagination about prosperity concept are considered in this approach. This approach, with its own perspective, uses all relevant historical sources to recognize. However, some resources such as folk poetry literature, folk tales, travelogues, biographies, oral and pictorial sources, and objects related to architecture open up the way for history of mentalities in architecture more and better. The purpose of this study is analyzing the main concepts regarding the history of mentalities approach in architecture, recognizing common customs and its examples, and also introducing thematic sources of the approach.}, Keywords = {History of Mentalities, History of Iranian Architecture, Historiographical Approach, Popular Architecture}, volume = {9}, Number = {19}, pages = {51-64}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-580-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-580-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Heidari, Farzad and Aliabadi, Mohammad and KalantariKhalilabad, Hosei}, title = {Qualitative Concept Elucidation of the Word “light” from Quran Text and Transferring It to the Devotional Space Body}, abstract ={The manifestation of the metaphysics of "light" on the physics of the building has placed it as the main axis of aesthetics of Islamic architecture in mysticism and meaning. Light in traditional architecture and in Islamic culture is a symbol of God and divine unity. Therefore, it has a special place in the architecture of spaces, especially religious spaces, such as mosques. Today in contemporary mosques, less attention has been paid to the subject of light as an identifying element. The purpose of this article is to identify the qualitative characteristics of light (natural) based on the Quranic texts in line with the realization of the spiritual environment. The Qur'an has a central role in relation to science and religion due to its comprehensiveness. Therefore, by keeping the appearance and inspiration of the Qur'an and paying attention to it, it is possible to penetrate into the inner layers of the Quranic concepts and use these concepts in today's knowledge. The word "light" is one of the most important words of the Qur'an and its various uses in the Quranic verses form a broad radial network. To this end, this study is composed of two parts. The first part addresses the qualitative concept elucidation of the word “light” from Quran verses using content analysis with inferential -ijtihad (scholarship) approach. The outcome of the first part is the extraction of the conceptual components of “evidence principle”, “guidance principle”, “justice principle” and “excellence principle”.  The second part addresses transferring the concepts in devotional space body. This part uses survey and correlation approaches and its result is that each of these concepts is objectively visible in the body of the mosque. Obviously, with the qualitative presence of light (natural) in the worship space, objective and subjective concepts are created in space, causing the sense of spirituality (the path from appearance to inwardness) to the audience and ultimately increasing the belonging to the holy place. The results of this study confirm the hypothesis that the user of devotional space understands the manifestation of the above mentioned concepts in a devotional space provided that he/she observe the models specified in this study.  }, Keywords = {The Holy Quran, Devotional Space, Contemplation, Qualitative Light, Spirituality}, volume = {9}, Number = {19}, pages = {65-78}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-597-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-597-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Tadayon, Bahareh and Abouei, Reza and Ghalehnoee, Mahmou}, title = {Evaluation of Color Order of Historical Fabrics Landscape with the Aesthetic Perception of Urban Scape Approach; Case Study: Hassanabad Neighborhood of Esfahan}, abstract ={Landscape presents a new view in relation to human and environment and the way the space is interpreted. The modern view of landscape to human and environment is the result of a change in the traditional and classical view to the relationship between human and environment. With this view, the approach “Conservation of Historic Urban Landscape”, known as HUL, is one of the modern approaches provided to meet the requirements and widely protect the historical urban landscapes. This approach attempts to expand the prospects of historical conservation to all historical and cultural values shown in historical urban landscapes. One of the factors which can be specially taken into account is the “Color Order” of historical fabrics landscape, which is a reflection of native culture and identity of the place. The present research aims to present a method for the evaluation of “Color Order” of historical fabrics of landscape with a special view to issues and qualities involved in aesthetic perception. The research method of this study is descriptive-analytical; therefore, after analyzing the fundamentals and achieving the theoretical framework of the research, the evaluation criteria based on four quality groups involved in the aesthetic perception of location were extracted and were evaluated in Hassanabad Neighborhood using questionnaire and Delphi techniques. The research findings revealed that using color patterns with symbolic backgrounds in place architecture, using native materials, merging natural and artificial landscapes, and conservation of color pallets worthy to be used in modern construction play a determining role in the promotion of aesthetic perception of Color Order of historical fabrics of landscape. }, Keywords = {Color Order, Landscape, Aesthetic Perception, Historical Fabrics, Hassanabad Neighborhood of Esfahan}, volume = {9}, Number = {19}, pages = {79-100}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-541-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-541-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {}, title = {“A Comparative Exploration of the Phenomenological Conception of Creative Imagination and Its Role in the Digital and Non-Digital Architectural Design Processes”}, abstract ={Imagination and its relation to creativity are among the most important issues related to the design category in various areas of architectural inquiry such as architectural design, whose function and role have changed in recent decades due to use and application of computers in the architectural design processes. Given all the changes occurred in the meaning and concept of architecture, by the interaction of designers and architects with computers, now the question arises that how the role and function of the creative imagination have changed in digital architectural design processes, compared to its role in non-digital design processes? The purpose of this research is to explore the concept of creative imagination from the point of view of the phenomenological philosophers, especially Jean-Paul Sartre, as well as to compare the differences between the role of creative imagination and its role in the digital and non-digital architectural design processes. This article first explores the concept of the imagination from the perspective of Sartre's phenomenology, and analyzes different kinds of imagination related to its design and function in the design process, and after introducing the effective aspects of the digital architecture design on the process of architectural creativity, it examines the role of creative imagination in digital architectural design process. In the last segment of the article and by way of conclusion, the authors compare creative imagination in the digital and non-digital architectural design in order to present a comparison diagram of the creative imagination in both processes, which shows that due to the presence of computers in architectural designs in architectural designs, as an architect's colleague, in comparison to design processes carried out without using computers, not only weaken the role of the designer's creative imagination, but also computers can push the boundaries of human's imagination beyond the realm of his/her experienced senses, by covering the weaknesses and limitations of human mind.}, Keywords = {Imagination, Creative Imagination, Architectural Design Processes, Non-Digital Architectural Design Processes, Digital Architectural Design Processes}, volume = {9}, Number = {20}, pages = {1-20}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-614-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-614-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {taghavinejad, bahareh}, title = {The Comparative Study of Geometric Ornaments of Plaster Mihrabs Created during Seljuk Period versus the Ones Created during Ilkhanid Period in Iran}, abstract ={The geometric decorations are among the most widely used decorations in Islamic art, which have been used alone and sometimes in combination with other motifs or inscriptions. The plaster Mihrabs related to 6th to the mid-8th century AH, coincided with the Seljuk and IL-Khanid eras, are among the works that in addition to various plant decorations and inscriptions, are decorated with various geometric and beautiful ornaments. The goal of this research is to introduce and compare different kinds of geometric ornaments used in the plaster Mihrabs of the mentioned centuries in terms of diversity, constancy or repetition and place of application in different parts of the Mihrabs. Therefore, the main question of this research is arisen as follows: What are the geometric ornaments of the plaster Mihrabs made between the 6th to the mid-8th centuries AH and what are their similarities and differences in terms of the type of designs and their place of application in different parts of the Mihrabs made during the Seljuk and IL-Khanid eras? The data was collected through field research, i.e. photography, and linear designing of the images, referring to the written resources and was analyzed through a comparative-historical method. The results, obtained from studying 40 plaster Mihrabs made during the mentioned periods shows that in both eras, the majority of ornaments are composed of numerical knots on the basis of six, like “six and roundel”, “six and three rounding fairies”, etc. that are mostly seen on the half-columns and opposite or side walls of the plaster Mihrabs. The geometric, zigzag, chain and wicker-like designs have been repeated frequently along the narrow margins. The most significant differences of the Mihrabs made during IL-Khanid dynasty in terms of geometric ornaments are using more knots, simple geometric figures, more detailed and diverse geometric designs along narrow margins and combinations of knots with motifs (flower and leaf). }, Keywords = {between Early 6th to the mid-8th Centuries AH, Plaster Mihrabs, Mihrab Components, Geometric Ornaments}, volume = {9}, Number = {20}, pages = {21-40}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-600-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-600-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Alaghmand, sepideh and Mozaffar, Farhang and Hosseini, Seyyed Bagher and Sedghpour, Bahram Saleh}, title = {Designing Components of University\'s Communal Spaces in Order to Response to Self-Actualization Need}, abstract ={ Self-actualization is a high level of human requirement and as an existing need, which is the tendency of an individual to grow and realize available potentials. Establishment of suitable spaces at universities can help fulfill such a necessity. At present, a problem of universities is that the communal spaces are often used to meet the basic physical needs and fundamental requirements of students, In other words, communal spaces of a university have not been designed and built according to self-actualization and richness. The purpose of this research is presenting designing components of university’s communal spaces for empowerment of students’ self-actualization (achieving students’ self-actualization). The research method was combinatory; both qualitative and quantitative methods, consisting of documentary, qualitative content analysis, survey method by using the Delphi- technique and causal-comparative that it has done in four steps. The relevant literature was studied using documentary method in the first step and factors affecting self-actualization were identified. In the second step, primitive list of spatial attributes with relevant categorization were identified by using the Delphi- technique method in three rounds. In the third step by using the causal-comparative method, closed- questionnaire according to findings of the second step prepared and distributed in statistical population. The findings were analyzed by using Multivariable Analyze of Variance (MANOVA) and most important spatial attributes affecting self-actualization, were obtained. In the fourth step, the list of designing components that spatial attribute need for forming in the space extracted from resources and surveys of experts, then questionnaire for checking the effect of designing components on forming spatial attribute prepared and distributed among experts. The result of this step is extracting designing components of university’s communal spaces. The results of research showed that the most important attributes that must be exist in communal spaces to lead to self-actualization are privacy and solitude, space presence ability, simplicity in environmental organization and socialization.}, Keywords = {Designing Components, Environmental Design, Communal Spaces, University, Self-Actualization}, volume = {9}, Number = {20}, pages = {41-58}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-643-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-643-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {razavizadeh, Elham alsadat and kianersi, Mansoureh}, title = {Micro-Components of Functional Quality in the Trade Centers Aiming to Improve Social Interactions}, abstract ={The internal architecture of the trade centers and the promoting their environmental quality, as an important factor affecting the behavior of customers, impose significant contribution to market as well as individuals’ desires to stay longer in the space.  Considering the completeness of sustainable place model theory in the form of three criteria of functional, experimental-aesthetic, and environmental qualities, the present study aims to examine functional quality in trade centers. Considering the history of trade centers in Iran, including traditional markets and on the other hand, paying a close attention to successful instances of present trade centers in different parts of the world with having economic role and providing places for the formation of social interactions, the main question of the study is “What are the solutions for interior designing of trade centers in terms of functional quality in traditional markets and successful business centers, in order to establish effective social relationships?” Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to introduce the criteria and micro-components of functional quality (user, behavior setting quality, domain, and security) in order to promote social interactions and explain interior design solutions in the trade centers. The method is descriptive-analytic, and the concepts are extracted by content analysis and coding of data collected by MAXQDA12 software. Following that, from the solutions based on micro-components of functional quality, a survey of design experts was conducted in the form of a questionnaire and the results were analyzed by SPSS software. Finally, from evaluated design solutions, the user’s prediction of user’s micro-components, the space available to sit, wait, and watch related to the quality of the behavior setting, as well as determination of the scope of special uses by flooring and security with the highest priority, were extracted. }, Keywords = {Market, Trade Centers, Social Interactions, Functional Quality}, volume = {9}, Number = {20}, pages = {59-78}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-659-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-659-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Kakhani, Ehsan and Goldar, Fatemeh}, title = {The Royal Seal and the Eternal Power: The quality of Shah Abbas \'Influence upon the Social and Political Status of the Old JĀME Mosque of Isfahan}, abstract ={Abbas I, like many other Iranian kings, devoted special attention to the Jame Mosques. Following Isfahan’s election as his capital, he was trying to renovate the Bazaar and the old mosque, which was faced by the opposition of landowners at the time. Then he decided to build the Naghsh-e Jahan square and set up the Jame Abbasi as a new Jame Mosque in the city. In this paper, the two main components of the Jame mosques have been investigated, Friday prayers and e’tekāf, and its aim is to recognize the status of Atigh Jame Mosque, socially and politically, after establishing Shah Mosque. The method of this paper is historical-interpretative and uses the primary and secondary sources to achieve the result. Friday prayers were revived with the help of prominent Shiite jurists in the Safavid period and the first prayer was held in Atigh Jame Mosque. Abbas I, after completing Shah Mosque, delivered Friday prayers to this mosque, and the mosque was also the main venue for Friday prayers in the next periods. In the same period, the discussion of withdrawal of e’tekāf also caused many quarrels among the jurists. The contemporary jurists of Shah Abbas issued fatwas, about e’tekāf, that let it held in other mosques like Shaikh Lotfollah Mosque. For this reason, it was not confined to Atigh Jame Mosque. Shah Abbas set up an economic stimulus, Naghsh-e Jahan Square and Shah Mosque, and tried to boost this new focus in Isfahan to counter the rivals, the Old Square and Atigh Jame Mosque. The result was that Atigh Jame Mosque was overshadowed by Shah Mosque, and specific religious, political and social activities of Jameh Mosque, such as Friday prayers and e’tekāf, were comprehensively conveyed to Jame Abbasi Mosque.}, Keywords = {Atigh Jame Mosque of Isfahan, Shah Mosque of Isfahan, Friday Prayers, E’tekāf, Abbas}, volume = {9}, Number = {20}, pages = {79-90}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-610-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-610-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {SHEIKHI, ALIREZA}, title = {A comparative study of architectural wooden inscriptions in the shrine of Imam Reza}, abstract ={The Shrine of the Imam of the Eighth Imam has been the site of dedication to many artists, including carpenters and pilgrims. The wooden works of window, door, Menbar and part of the Zarih in this place from the period of the Ilkhani to the contemporary are protected. Still on the passages, a number of doors are installed and a number of others are kept in the central museum of Astan-e Quds. The aim of the paper is to compare the collection of wooden artworks, especially the content and content of the works. Thus the question that arises here is what are visual features of the inscribed wooden works of the shrine, and how their content classified? The method of this fundamental research is descriptive, analytical, and comparative, and the data collected based on library data, and in particular field studies. The findings show that there are a total of thirty four inscribed wooden works. The inscriptions on the various sections of the works have been written with Roqaa, Sols e Jali and Khafi, Kofi Banaei and Nastaliq calligraphies. The content of the inscriptions is analyzed in seven forms: historical inscriptions, endowments and creators, Quran, praise and thanksgiving, divine names, and the names of the Imams, Shahadati and narratives. The artistic richness and content of these works reveals the evolution of the art of embroidering and woodcarving in the history of traditional Iranian-Islamic art.}, Keywords = {Shrine of Razavi, Wooden Works, Inscriptions, Meaning and Content, Form and Artistic Style}, volume = {9}, Number = {20}, pages = {91-113}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-669-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-669-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2019} }