@article{ 
author = {Khademzade, Mohamad Hasan and Khorami, Roy},  
title = {Interaction of development and conservation, a strategy to sustainable conservation of historic sites}, 
abstract ={Following the increase of population and expansion of cities and villages, and the reasons of the great changes in human life (industrial revolution, communication, etc.), and the desire to visit historical sites for research, tourism, etc., the need Adapting the function of existing historic spaces to new technologies and careful management is essential. Lack of coordination between the number and demands of visitors and local communities around and how to manage historic areas, has led to one of two unsuccessful phenomena of museum preservation or accelerated and unstable development, in most interventions. This is especially true in historical sites and archeological sites. Complementary or disagreement between development and preservation of historical heritage is one of the controversial issues in historical countries. Moreover, Historical sites touched of intervention from irregular developments within ruined phenomenon. Freezing the bounds without presentation of practicable solution of life continuance, is also the cause of happening the earliest dead of them. The purpose of this investigation is a struggle for explaining the importance of preservation and development in historical sites and the way they relate to each other. We can achieve the purpose by answering to these two questions: How can we establish a complementary connection between preservation and development in historical sites? How sustainable development can act as an effective instrument in preservation of historical sites? Firstly this investigation has been conducted based on a qualitative approach and historical interpretation strategy, according to studying and researching into theories and charters about preservation, development and historical sites. Then, studying the concepts, purposes, methods and the kinds of preservation, development and relation between them in historical sites, and try to prove that. Which will be achieved by proper communication and their simultaneous advancement in line with a common goal, and by careful management of change; By emphasizing the role of local communities in the protection of historic sites, sustainable development of the site and the local community through careful and integrated management and development of creative tourism, and thus the protection of the historic site will become a continuum. In historical sites where the flow of life is no longer current, by adapting conservation goals and sustainable development goals and taking help from the internal potentials that each site has in or around itself and respecting the social, cultural and environmental contexts of each work by using With the participation of local people, the design (actions and interventions) of the site can be done in such a way that by managing changes, development is protection-oriented and in line with the goals of sustainable, endogenous and balanced development.},  
Keywords = {preservation, sustainable development, historical sites, archeological sites, creative tourism},
volume = {14},
Number = {37}, 
pages = {1-14}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.2176.14020128},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1318-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1318-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {AshouriNalkiashari, Nafiseh and Malek, Niloufar},  
title = {Analysis of changes in architecture of schools in the late Qajar period and first Pahlavi period case study Guilan schools}, 
abstract ={The issue of education in Iran has a long history and schools are an important part of the country's historical buildings. The period of transition from Qajar to Pahlavi I is not only important because of the end and beginning of two kingdoms; Rather, this era is considered due to the fundamental developments and changes in various political, economic, social and cultural dimensions and as a result the changes in architecture and urban planning that occur in this era. Historical sources point to several factors as the roots of this development. the most important of which are the improvement of political and economic relations with the Western world, the arrival of foreign teachers and religious missionaries to Iran, etc. The set of these developments directly affected the culture and education of the society. Following these developments, new goals and nature for education were proposed and the school buildings which with their traditional architectural model seemed unsuitable for the physical needs of the new educational system, was abandoned at once and the design of the schools was done in a new way. Knowing the architecture of a historical species such as schools is mandatory in any place as a part of the historical and cultural identity of the people of that land. Because it results getting familiar and discovering the hidden features in the architecture the schools of that region and paves the way for future researches. Guilan like other regions of Iran underwent many changes during the Qajar and Pahlavi historical periods. Due to these developments the architecture of its schools was also affected. The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the architectural changes of Guilan schools and the factors affecting these changes in the mentioned period. In this research, with a descriptive-analytical method and based on field and library studies to identify and describe the schools of Guilan including: Shahid Madani School and Shahid Marhaba School in Astara, Shahpur School (Shahid Beheshti), Forough School, Maryam Elementary School and Shahpour or Shahid Beheshti School in city of Rasht - Shahid Madani School and Shahid Marhaba School in city of Astara - Sharaf School in the city of Bandar_e Anzali. in the Qajar and Pahlavi period. Recognizing the spatial features of the mentioned schools indicated that simultaneously with the progress of the educational system in the transition period from Qajar to Pahlavi new spaces were created in accordance with the new educational functions in schools which were unprecedented before. Due to the influence of the government of the time on western ideas the new schools of Guilan in this period were generally built in the European style.},  
Keywords = {School, Qajar period, First Pahlavi period, Guilan, Architecture},
volume = {14},
Number = {37}, 
pages = {15-32}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.2355.14020211},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1435-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1435-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Pooyafar, Hamed and SattariSarbangholi, Hassan and EbrahimiAsl, Hassan and AkbariNamdar, Shabnam},  
title = {Measuring residents\' satisfaction with the architectural quality of Sahand new city Mehr housing}, 
abstract ={The measurement of residential satisfaction is one of the indicators of the quality of the residential environment and is one of the main topics of interest to researchers in architecture and urban planning studies. The purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate the satisfaction of residents of Mehr housing in terms of architectural quality. The current research method was descriptive-analytical and data collection was done in the form of survey and library studies. The statistical population of the research includes 25394 residents of Mehr Sahand housing, of which 378 people were selected as a sample to distribute the questionnaire using the Cochran sampling method. Face validity was used for validity of questions and Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability. For data analysis, structural equation method with Spss and Amos software was used. The results showed that according to the second-order factor analysis, the factor loadings of all architectural quality factors on the satisfaction level of residents of Mehr residence are greater than 0.4 and are significant at the 99% probability level. The results of the research showed that the greatest effects were related to physical-functional factors with a factor load (0.75), followed by socio-semantic factors with a factor load (0.69) and structural-spatial quality with a factor load (0.61). and environmental quality with factor load (0.55). As a result, four architectural quality factors have been effective in the residents' satisfaction with Mehr Shahr Sahand housing, and they have a direct and meaningful relationship with each other.  },  
Keywords = {",Mehr housing",, ",satisfaction with Mehr housing",, ",architectural quality",, ",Sahand city",.},
volume = {14},
Number = {37}, 
pages = {33-52}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.2368.14020128},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1443-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1443-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Lorzangeneh, Mojtaba and TalebiVarnosfaderani, Afsaneh and Shahivandi, Ahm},  
title = {The effects of tangible and intangible physical variables on the structure of neighborhoods in historical cores (Case study: Seyed Mahmoud neighborhood on Dezful)}, 
abstract ={Historical contexts in urban literature are valuable foundations that carry the values of previous generations and the country's heritage, which requires a scientific approach to facilitate the development of this part of the city and use new methods and tools. Understanding urban neighborhoods' spatial and physical structure, especially historical and decayed neighborhoods, will help us effectively prepare future urban development plans. Thus, this study aimed to explain the role of physical components and space syntax within historical contexts through a descriptive-analytical approach. To achieve this goal, after studying the relevant theoretical foundations, Autocad, Depthmap, and GIS software were used to generate the maps, and the structural equation model and Amos Graphic 22 software were used to analyze the data. This analytical method reveals the impact of a far greater number of tangible physical, with a regression weight of 0.707. Among the tangible physical variables, the passage width with a regression weight of 0.630, and the enclosure with a regression weight of 0.604 have both achieved the highest ranking. among the variables of the intangible physical component, space syntax with a regression weight of 0.621 has a higher weight than the rest of the factors, and among the factors of this component, "space connection" with a regression weight of 0.878 has a higher weight.  One thing worth noting is that there is a significant relationship between the depth of space and the choice of path and space since the greater the depth of space and its blind spots are, the fewer paths and spaces to choose from. Moreover, contrary to popular belief, the length of passages has little impact on neighborhood dynamics.},  
Keywords = {Historical core, Physical variables, space syntax, Structural equation modeling, Seyed Mahmoud neighborhood},
volume = {14},
Number = {37}, 
pages = {53-82}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.1254.14011224},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1424-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1424-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {rahimian, bahareh and sarkardehi, elham and karami, islam},  
title = {Evaluation of effective physical and spatial parameters for elderly residence. Case study: The elderly of district 3 and nursing home of Shahrood City}, 
abstract ={Objective: Aging is associated with physical and mental limitations. Due to the increasing population of the elderly, it is necessary to pay attention to the needs and problems of them. As for the impact of Spatial model on human behavior, the quality of living environment of the elderly affects their mental and physical health. In this study, physical elements that affect the aging of the elderly living environment.  have been considered. Physical factors are divided into two categories: Functional-activity and Physical-perceptual. Aging factors are also divided into three categories: Vitality, Self-esteem and Self-reliance. The elderly of district 3 and nursing home of Shahroud City have been investigated as case study. Methods: 330questionnaires obtained with Cochran's formula were answered by the statistical population. In this research, descriptive statistical methods including mean and standard deviation and frequency of demographic variables have been used. Also, in order to examine the hypothesis of the study, inferential tests of Pearson correlation coefficient, one-way analysis of variance, multiple linear regression have been used based on independent and dependent variables. The data derived from the questionnaires is analyzed based on numerical method and has been implemented using SPSS software.Results: Pearson correlation coefficient test shows a positive and significant relationship between two variables with a coefficient of 0.79 and a significance level of 0.001. Levin F test is confirmed to evaluate the assumption of equality of variances with F = 0.56 and significance level of 0.45. Life expectancy with the Beta 0.35 has the greatest impact on the physical quality of space. Conclusion: There is a noticeable relationship between the physical factors of living environment and space aging. . Based on the results obtained from multiple linear regression, the component of life expectancy and then the sense of loneliness has the most relationship with the physical type of space and the component of faith has the least relationship with the type of place of residence. Also, Shahroud Nursing Home has the characteristics of a suitable environment for the elderly.  },  
Keywords = {Elderly, Physical factors, Living environment, Pearson correlation},
volume = {14},
Number = {37}, 
pages = {83-102}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.1728.14020116},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1408-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1408-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Izadpanah, Sahebeh and Majedi, Hamid and Zabihi, Hossei},  
title = {Introducing Architectural Variables of Healthy Schools, Conformed to Salutogenic Theory in Improving High-school Girl Students\' Mental Quality in Gorgan city}, 
abstract ={Stress, depression, and aggressive behaviors are common issues among girl students. The research questions are based on finding the health school variable in salutogenic design and investigating the connection between the school Psychological atmosphere from the students' perception and mental quality dimensions. This research aimed at designing a conceptual model for healthy schools, improving high-school girl students' mental quality. Mixed- methods, both qualitative and quantitative were used. The analytical and coding models were used for conceptual model design via SEM technique and coding by MAXQDA (2018) software. Content analysis for finding relevant codes performed from 2017 to 2022, according to the Google Scholar scientific database. From the SEM technique results, the 5 factors, namely, social space, interface, massing, wayfinding, and comfort with 29 variables affected High-school girl students' perceptions of the psychological atmosphere of school and their mental quality. The context factor and its variables had a slight impact on the school climate. The school climate scale confirmed respectively with the six factors, namely; school connectedness, school rule clarity, reporting problems and seeking help, affirming diversity, peer connectedness, and teacher support. The innovations are considering the students' points of view and applying the standard scale called" The Six factor school building checklist" and preparing its appropriateness according to its effect on students' mental quality for the first time in Iran. School connectedness" as the first factor of school climate from the student's point of view correlates firstly with depression symptoms decrease, the "Rule clarity and reporting problems and seeking help" factors correlate with risky behavior decrease, "Peer connectedness" improvement correlates with a decrease of stress and anxiety among students. The factor called" Affirming diversity" to peer acceptance of their culture and religion correlates with academic achievements and risky behavior decrease and finally" Teacher support" correlates firstly with a decrease in students' depression symptoms. From the coding technique, 225 codes from 45 scientific articles with citations were extracted, according to findings, students' perception of the school psychological atmosphere connects to 8 mental quality indexes extracted from recent research (2017-2022) namely, mental health, satisfaction, wellbeing, academic achievement, stress, and anxiety decrease, depression symptoms decrease, behavioral improvement, risky behavior, and bullying decrease and finally engagement increase and school dropout rate decrease. Applying 29 extracted variables that conformed to salutogenic theory dimensions namely; comprehensibility, controllability, and meaningfulness can improve students' mental quality. Ease of accessibility to teachers' offices, classroom seating design for information exchange, group space connection to classroom, the connection of interior and exterior of the school building, accessibility of entrance and existence, variety in building mass, function exposure from the building mass, clarity of interior circulation and noise control are some of the variables for improving girl students' mental quality.},  
Keywords = {Mental quality, Healthy school, Architectural variables, Salutogenic, MAXQDA},
volume = {14},
Number = {37}, 
pages = {103-124}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.2367.14020219},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1445-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1445-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {babakhani, reza and shahcheraghi, azadeh and zabihi, hossib},  
title = {Automated design and drawing of architectural plans by combining evolutionary algorithms, machine learning and sample-based}, 
abstract ={Now creating perception in computer software is one of the most important challenges of digital architecture. Because computer software is one of the most important tools of architects or designers and is widely used in project design. In designing with the help of digital software, reaching the optimal design and layout is one of the most important and influential steps. But computer software does not have any inherent intuition about the design process, and this is the main reason for not handing over design processes to computers. Therefore, the aim of this research is to explain a computational method based on quantitative and qualitative data samples to create relative intuition in machines through the combination of evolutionary algorithms and machine learning. The quantitative and qualitative research method is based on genetic algorithms, machine learning (k-means clustering), and instance-based learning. The results of this research show that unlike methods based on the combination of genetic algorithms and genetic programming, it is possible to increase the accuracy and speed of map production by combining three genetic algorithms, machine learning, and based on relative intuition in machines. Also, another feature of the proposed method is the learning rate of nearly ninety percent in identifying and presenting designs. Of course, the production of plans by computers is in its early stages and it still needs a long process for this step to be completely taken by computers.  },  
Keywords = {Automatic plan generation, genetic algorithm, machine learning, sample-based, K-Means.},
volume = {14},
Number = {38}, 
pages = {1-18}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {10.52547/mmi.1676.14020427},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1446-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1446-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {teymouri, Shahrzad and HassanPour, Faramarz and Mehrpouya, Hossei},  
title = {Study of the architecture of prominent buildings of the Pahlavi period in Zahedan in order to coordinate the urban physical environment}, 
abstract ={The study of building architecture in cities in terms of form, climate and historical-evolutionary in order to coordinate the urban physical environment, is of particular importance. Due to its geographical and climatic location, the city of Zahedan has special buildings in the Pahlavi period, the entrance of which is one of the most significant parts of them. In this study, the purpose of studying the architecture of prominent buildings of the Pahlavi period in the city of Zahedan is to develop in line with the physical coordination of the city with a focus on decoration. The research method is descriptive-analytical and quantitative-qualitative. Data has been collected through interviews with 10 experts about 13 important works of this period in Zahedan. Through the questionnaire tool and using the AHP method, the characteristics of the building as well as 13 important buildings of this historical period were prioritized. Examining the quantitative results and comparing these buildings based on facade decorations shows that the courthouse with a final weight of 0.247 compared to 12 other buildings is known as the most important building of the Pahlavi period due to various architectural features, which ranks first in this priority. The classification is located. The second rank of this priority of building importance is related to Zahedan Post Museum with a weight of 0.2020. Also, Abui house with a weight of 0.113 and Shams house with a final weight of 0.092 are in the third and fourth ranks. According to the results, the total of workers' dormitories with a weight of 0.014 and also the complex of Ghods dormitories with a weight of 0.017 are ranked 13th and 12th in this priority. Therefore, based on the results of the Justice Building and the Post Museum, the most important buildings of the Pahlavi period in the city of Zahedan are known, which have a significant value and architecture compared to other buildings and architecture compared to other buildings and they can be used as a model for designing the body of urban roads.  },  
Keywords = {Architecture, Pahlavi buildings, Zahedan city, Urban physical environment},
volume = {14},
Number = {38}, 
pages = {19-32}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {10.52547/mmi.2265.14020403},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1370-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1370-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {keshtkarkhales, vahid and afshary, mohsen and salehinia, maji},  
title = {Analyzing the factors shaping the architecture of the facades of the historical houses of Qajaria (case study: Qazvin city)}, 
abstract ={The facade architecture of the introverted historical houses of the central plateau of Iran is more evident in the central courtyard. According to the diversity of the central courtyard facade architecture in multiple fronts, it seems that there are various effective factors in the formation of the courtyard facade architecture of historical Qajar houses, and it is necessary to identify the effective factors comprehensively and in terms of impact. be classified from high to low. The research seeks to know what factors and sub-factors are effective in the formation of the architecture of the central courtyard of historical houses of the Qajar period in the hot and dry climate of the central plateau of Iran (with a case study of Qazvin city)? What is the classification of these factors and sub-factors in the formation of the architecture of the central courtyard view according to the degree of influence? Identifying the influencing factors on the architectural formation of the facade of the central courtyard of historical Qajar houses (with a case study of Qazvin city) and classifying these factors based on the degree of influence of each factor. The type of research is fundamental in terms of the goal, and the research method in response to the big question is a survey of basic theories and a field visit to the historical Qajar houses of Qazvin city and a local conversation and a conversation with elites. In response to a detailed question, the Delphi method has been used to rank the impact of each of the factors and sub-factors based on the opinion of experts and professionals familiar with the architecture of the Qajar house and facade. In the following, a theoretical model was proposed and this model was reviewed and tested in the case of the research of ten Qajar historical houses in Qazvin. Eight main factors and thirty-three sub-factors were identified in the formation of the facade architecture of Qajar houses in Iran. The eight main factors in order of influence include: economic, climatic, construction technology, socio-cultural, aesthetic, spatial, political and urban planning. Each of these factors have been relatively effective in the formation of the architecture of the central courtyard. According to the opinion of the experts of the basic theories and the test of the presented theoretical model, the most effective is the "economic factor" and the least effective is the "urbanization factor". In the ranking of thirty-three effective sub-factors, the most effective sub-factor was "radiation" and the least effective sub-factor was "urban architecture".  },  
Keywords = {Facade Architecture, Central Courtyard, Historical houses, Qajaria in Iran, Qazvin.},
volume = {14},
Number = {38}, 
pages = {33-50}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {10.52547/mmi.2285.14020605},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1387-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1387-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Norouzi, Fatemeh and Emadianrazavi, seyedeh zeynab and Moosavi, Leila and Akrami, Fatemeh},  
title = {Investigating the thermal comfort of outdoor space in restored traditional buildings (case study: Yazd faculty of Art and Architecture)}, 
abstract ={Determining the range of thermal comfort in the outdoor space is complicated, and since the presence of thermal comfort helps more people to be in the outdoor space, it is important. In the current research, it has been tried to determine the thermal comfort limit of people in the outdoor space of traditional and restored buildings in the hot and dry climate of Yazd city. For this purpose, a field monitoring was carried out in the hot season of the five central courtyards of the Yazd faculty of Art and Architecture as buildings that have been changed from residential to educational use, which includes the measurement of climatic information at the same time as the completion of 389 thermal comfort questionnaires by the students of the faculty; Then, with the help of Ray Man and SPSS software, the obtained information was analyzed and after checking the linear regression charts, the range of thermal comfort for people in the central courtyards of the faculty as a microclimate in the hot and dry area of ​​Yazd city between the range of 16.5-28 degrees Celsius based on the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature index (PET) was obtained. Due to the fact that the combination of climatic and geographical factors for each specific region will lead to a different understanding of the thermal comfort conditions for the people of that community, this comfort range is different from the comfort ranges in other regions that have been determined in numerous researches. From the comparison of the studied yards, it was found that the more the yard has a height-to-width ratio and the more enclosed it is, the more shade it will receive and, finally,more thermal comfort during the day and night for the hot days of the year.  },  
Keywords = {Courtyard, Educational buildings, Hot and dry climate, Physiologically Equivalent Temperature index (PET), Thermal comfort.},
volume = {14},
Number = {38}, 
pages = {51-66}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {10.52547/mmi.2317.14020620},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1413-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1413-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Valinejad, Elham and Malek, Niloofar},  
title = {Title: Discovery the principles of multi-sensory architecture in the educational environment safavid schools in Isfahan.}, 
abstract ={The characteristics of the educational space are effective in the quality of education, but unfortunately, the existing spaces are often not desirable and do not help to achieve the educational goals. On the other hand, the design of the educational space in such a way that the various senses of people are activated in the space has a positive effect on the realization of educational goals, and the design based on the theory of multi-sensory architecture activates the various senses. One of the most important theorists in the field of multi-sensory architecture is Yohani Palasma, who considers modern architecture to lack multi-sensory architecture characteristics, so as a case example, schools before the modern era were selected, and among them the Safavid schools of Isfahan were chosen because during the Safavid era, a large number of schools were built in Isfahan to the point where Isfahan was called "House of Knowledge of the East", and this shows the importance and abundance of Safavid schools in Isfahan. The source of the thought of multi-sensory architecture originates from the subject of phenomenology, and many books have been written on this topic, and researches have also been conducted on the multi-sensory architecture of kindergartens, museums, commercial spaces, residential spaces, etc. However, no research has been done about understanding the principles of multisensory architecture of Isfahan Safavid schools, and therefore, in the upcoming research, a new work has been done in the field of educational spaces in a quantitative and qualitative format, with a practical purpose, and a combined quantitative-qualitative approach, using a Likert scale questionnaire. The purpose of this research is to discover the principles of multy sensory architecture in the safavid schools in Isfahan, and the main question is: Which principles of multi-sensory architecture can be found in the educational space of Safavid schools of Isfahan? In this research, firstly, by conducting documentary and library studies, in the branch of phenomenology, the knowledge of the principles of multi-sensory architectural theory was carried out and 23 principles were obtained, and in the next part of the research, 17 Safavid schools of Isfahan were selected, and due to the existing problems, 12 schools were visited and photographed and these principles were identified in the field.},  
Keywords = {Educational environment, Multisensory architecture,Johani Pallasmaa, Phenomenology, Isfahan safavid schools},
volume = {14},
Number = {38}, 
pages = {67-82}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.2358.14020317},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1432-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1432-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {ghiyas, hamid and hamzeneJad, mehdi and aminpour, ahmad and kariminia, shahab},  
title = {Evaluation of the benefit of the audience\'s interactive features in the process of reading architectural precedents}, 
abstract ={If architecture students rely on the form of the work more than anything in the process of reading and understanding architectural examples, then consequences such as neglecting the historical-identity values, meaning and meaning of the works will follow. Therefore, the most important question of this research is how much the students pay attention to each aspect of the work-audience relationship in the process of criticizing and encountering the work? The upcoming research aims to measure the amount of attention and use of communication aspects from field and library studies in both qualitative and quantitative ways, as described first, the place and importance of exposure and criticism in students' understanding and reception was investigated. Furthermore, the communication aspects of the work-audience were deduced by the comparative method and the content analysis method from the matching of two phenomenological and interpretive approaches, and in order to evaluate the degree of application of these aspects in relation to the case example of the Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque in Isfahan University of Arts and Azad University. Islami Khorasgan, statistical tools such as questionnaire and spss software were used. According to the results of the test and the calculated confidence interval, it can be said that the facet of awakening memories and the representational facet of the effect have a higher average than the average, and in the meantime, the representational facet has a higher average effect than the other aspects, which means that the facet The demonstration of a work has had a greater impact, and if the necessary measures are not taken to pay attention to it in the process of criticizing architectural works as well as in the design process, its threatening educational and training role on the process of criticizing architecture students becomes more obvious. Also, the cognitive value facet and the historical originalist facet have an average lower than the average, and according to the average values ​​and confidence intervals of each, it can be said that the value facet has a lower average than the other faces, and it means that the value cognitive facet has less influence than the others. The focus is on the understanding of the achievements of the work, and the reasons for it have been reported by the university professors, the neglect of the meaning and content of the work, along with the tendency towards specific styles and methods in architecture.},  
Keywords = {Precedent, audience, reading, criticism, communication aspects},
volume = {14},
Number = {38}, 
pages = {83-100}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {10.52547/mmi.1602.14020626},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1412-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1412-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {adineh, ali and KianiDehkiani, Gholamreza and malian, abbass},  
title = {HBIM; New technology in documenting architectural heritage A case study: Mosque of the second courtyard of Rabat Sharaf}, 
abstract ={BIM technology makes it possible to create an accurate virtual model of a building, and the main goal is to maintain construction information throughout its life. This technology has also been used in the documentation of historical monuments. Modeling by aided this technology in historical buildings is known as the abbreviation HBIM, which provides a new method for modeling in the field of architectural heritage protection and includes digital model making, documentation, storage, and information management. The HBIM process involves surveying existing structures through remote sensing and using terrestrial laser scanning data, followed by point cloud processing and creating a 3D model of orthoimages. Therefore, the final result of HBIM is a product consisting of 3D models of the building, including all the details of the work and components related to its construction methods and decorations. In addition, it can also be used to generate protection documents for analysis automatically. In addition to drawing a 3D model in this environment, it can be enriched with the possibility of creating more capabilities to link with intangible heritage information such as historical images and texts and so on. Therefore, the HBIM modeling process can be considered as representing all the information of a built building, which includes a reverse engineering solution, by which complete engineering can be obtained from the survey data.  },  
Keywords = {HBIM, BIM, Documentation, Architectural heritage, Mosque of the second courtyard of Rabat Sharaf},
volume = {14},
Number = {39}, 
pages = {1-22}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {10.52547/mmi.134.14020716},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1409-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1409-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mehrdadian, Nadia and Rahimnia, reza and moazen, saj},  
title = {Search in recognizing historical buildings based on different documents link; Case study: Kahak Water-Mill in Tehran}, 
abstract ={Considering the recognizing values of historical building in order to conservation is necessary, it is possible to be successful by familiarity with the methods of extracting information from various documents and the link between them. Various historical documents include written documents, oral documents, visual documents, objects and the historical building itself, which can be examined in order to recognition and represent the identity and Authenticity of the heritage. This study's main purpose is the process of achieving comprehensive knowledge through the link between different types of historical documents. This study tries to pave the way for researchers by clarifying the path of using different study documents and using them in the process of recognizing a historical building, which tries to identify the total information obtained from linking them by descriptive-historical method by correctly reading the available sources and analyzing the data. In order to better understand, Kahak Water-Mill in Tehran has been considered. In relation to this building, reading of written documents (Deed Of Endowment) and visual documents (aerial photograph) is the main field of recognizing, which is completely how to read, extract information from them and examine their link with other documents in a comprehensive recognition of kahak water-mill building, has been considered. Finally, the method of establishing this link and using all the documents together is stated, can be generalized to other historical monuments.  },  
Keywords = {Conservation, Recognizing, Historical Buildings, Historical documents, Kahak Water-Mill},
volume = {14},
Number = {39}, 
pages = {23-37}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎10.52547/mmi.240.14020718},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1423-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1423-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {GarakaniDashteh, Shahi},  
title = {Architectural Complexes Based on the Pattern of Jilukhan During the Timurids, Shaybanids, and Ashtarkhanids (Case Studies: Sultan Soadat, Anu, and Charbakr)}, 
abstract ={Jilukhan is an area that was placed in front of some buildings and its use has been very widespread from the Safavid era to the contemporary period. Despite this, the formation and evolution of the Jilukhan model cannot be attributed only to this period. The evidence left from the Timurid era shows the presence of this pattern in the architecture of this period. Not only has this model been used in this period in the design of the entrance area of the building, but it has also been used in the arrangement of buildings in several complexes such as Guri-mir, Sultan Soadat, and Anu. It has continued to follow the model of Jilukhan in the construction of architectural complexes, especially in the regions Transoxiana and Great Khorasan, after the Timurid period and in the Shaybanid and Ashtarkhanid eras, which shows the importance of this model in the design of architectural complexes in this geographical region and this time. This research aims to study the roots of the formation of this form of construction, which has had an effective presence in Iranian architecture, by studying the early examples and also two representative examples belonging to the Timurid era (Sultan Soadat and Anu Complexes) and one example belonging to the Shaybanid period (Charbakr complex) as well as other recent samples in this geographical area. The main questions that this research seeks to answer are, what were the origins of the formation of the Jilukhan-shaped complexes in Transoxiana and Great Khorasan during the Timurid, Shaybanid, and Ashtarkhanid periods? And, in how many categories can these complexes be classified in terms of the position of the buildings relative to each other, based on the evolution of the Jilukhan-shaped complexes in the three eras of the Timurid and Shaybanid and Ashtarkhanid? This research has been carried out with an analytical-historical approach and its results show that it is possible to divide the Jilukhan-shaped complexes into two main categories in the Qash style (in front of each other) and in the Joft style (Pair with each other) in terms of the way the building is placed. It is possible to attribute the roots of Qash-style Jilukhans to the long history of the construction of two buildings that face each other in the Transoxiana region, and it is also possible to know the origin of Joft-style Jilukhans in the retreat of the building from the row of other buildings from the side of the passages to strengthen the inviting state.},  
Keywords = {Timurids, Shaybanids, Ashtarkhanids, Architectural complexes, Jilukhan},
volume = {14},
Number = {39}, 
pages = {59-58}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ 10.52547/mmi.1170.14020718},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1349-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1349-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {esmaieliberneti, erfan and karami, islam and dehganmongabadi, abolfazl},  
title = {The Investigating the role of flexibility of urban spaces in socialization and vitality of the third place (Case study: Sari city melal park)}, 
abstract ={Today, some urban parks are not very sociable and lively despite paying attention to environmental issues, and even in some cases, they have been raised as problematic spaces. For this purpose, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role of flexibility and its effect on sociability and vitality and to identify the contribution of each of the factors affecting the urban space in the realization of a successful public space. Also, the current research is descriptive-analytical research in terms of its nature, and in terms of time, it is a prospective cross-sectional research, and in terms of its purpose, it is part of applied research, and in terms of process, it is considered part of quantitative method. First of all, the current research is non-experimental, secondly, these researches have different models, some of which are only for description, some other researches, in fact, this research is part of this category, are of the correlation type. In this type of correlation studies, relationships between variables are investigated. Also, the sampling method in this research is the test-making method, in which approximately eleven people were selected for each item; The number (464 people) was set as a sample and criterion, and a questionnaire was distributed among this number of citizens. Data analysis was done through correlation and regression, structural equations in Lizrel, Spss software. The results of the research showed that National Park has average conditions with sociability (3.17) and flexibility (3.01); And with the vitality score (2.86), it is not lively. Also, as the vitality of the urban space fades, the spaces take on the color and smell of a silent space, and over time, other components of success in the space also lose their ability, and thus the urban space becomes a space just for passing. But the researcher's solution is to take the public space out of the silent state and achieve a sociable and successful space through strengthening and upgrading the vitality index and with a catalyst called flexibility.},  
Keywords = {Flexibility, third place, sociability, vitality, urban space},
volume = {14},
Number = {39}, 
pages = {59-85}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ 10.52547/mmi.1728.14020802},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1491-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1491-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {sarrafzadeh, ahmad and Hashempour, Parisa and Gharehbaglou, Minou},  
title = {Perception of the patterns and concepts used in Xowun decoration in the Qajar houses of Dezful}, 
abstract ={ Islamic architecture is a platform for the Muslim society, which can be considered as the experience of human groups with perceptive powers. Therefore, paying attention to the deep levels of human perception requires a valuable historical background, which is provided in Dezful brick decorations. The aim of the research is to investigate the meaning and comprehensibility of decorative patterns on the minds of users. The present research is a combination of quantitative and qualitative method, which is used to describe and analyze research data by examining case samples, library studies, and Vicor method. About the results of the research, it can be stated that there is a relationship between the perception of the Muslim human and the concrete patterns, which can be investigated through the considered concepts and meanings. Also, the perception of Xowun decorations is formed by the mental powers of the artist or architect and the ruling thoughts of the Muslim society which is a manifestation of human thoughts, so that by applying the thought in the patterns used in each of the decorations, its external and internal levels are determined. Therefore, the quantitative and qualitative analyzes show that the decorative groups are in the belief and religious, hybrid, and plant categories that have the greatest impact on the concepts and the geometric, technical categories have a lesser impact. },  
Keywords = {Human Perception, Finding Meaning, Decorative Patterns, Xowun Decoration, Houses in Qajar era, Dezful Architecture.},
volume = {14},
Number = {39}, 
pages = {87-106}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ 10.52547/mmi.2375.14020806},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1449-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1449-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hayati, Hamed and Akbari, Hassan and Moradi, Marzieh},  
title = {Proposing a Method to Project Persian Girih Tiles on Free-Form Surfaces (Case Study: The Ten-Ray Acute Girih)}, 
abstract ={Geometry is the primary indicator of Persian-Islamic architecture and art. All of the ornamental features in traditional architecture containing, brick works, plaster works, or any tiling are constructed based upon geometrical rules. This geometry is two-dimensional and could be applied on any 2D surface by using a simple ruler and compass. In contrary these geometries have an admissible level of elaboration and creativity to create a valuable set of ornamental geometries in Persian architecture. Girih tiles are one subset of these ornaments which mostly appear in cornices and tiling. Notwithstanding the growth of contemporary drawing tools and methods, there are few methods to draw or depict these two dimension geometries on non-uniform surfaces, especially free-form surfaces. The main question is how to draw and transfer these two-dimensional drawings on free form surfaces? Based upon this question; this paper aims to propose a method to project a Girih module on a free-form surface by converting the selected Girih drawing logic to an algorithmic process. This method locates each point of the Girih tile on the final surface by creating a biunique correspondence between Girih 2D domain and the free-form surface 2D domain. Finally, the Ten-Ray Acute Girih module is depicted on a free-form surface and can be duplicated and manipulated simultaneously. Additionally, each Girih tile has a separate attractor parameter thus each tile can be controlled separately.},  
Keywords = {The Ten-Ray Acute Girih, Grasshopper, Free-Form Surfaces, Parametric Drawing},
volume = {14},
Number = {39}, 
pages = {107-121}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ 10.52547/mmi.2352.14020718},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1478-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1478-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Afshari, Mohsen and MahmoodiKahkesh, Maryam Mahmoodi and Nilforoushan, Mohammad-rez},  
title = {The effects of Reza Shah\'s forced resettlement plan on the lives of Bakhtiari nomads and their return to the nomadic system in the early Pahlavi period}, 
abstract ={Nomads have been known for their unique way of life, namely nomadism. But there have always been attempts to relocate and forcibly resettle them, which had different goals, which in the period of Reza Shah, this process took on a different nature and process. The purpose of this study is to investigate the architectural aspect and the process of formation and construction of Bakhtiari nomadic houses during the implementation of their forced housing plan during the reign of Reza Shah, to investigate the possible role of architectural funds in people's dissatisfaction with the housing plan. The main question of the present study is what was the process of forming houses in the Bakhtiari nomadic settlement plan? In order to find out how the factors influencing the formation of architecture have been, and more precisely, what is the position of compatibility between humans and the environment in this project. The method of this research is historical-interpretive method and the reasoning method was inductive. Library and documentary methods and interviews were used to collect data. After collecting and categorizing the necessary information and organizing them, an attempt was made to investigate the role of socio-cultural dimensions in the implementation of this plan, the extent of human-environmental compatibility and its possible role in the failure of the forced housing plan. Bakhtiari territory was divided into two areas of Khuzestan and Chaharmahal for ease of settlement, and therefore, the general scope of the research geography includes the two above-mentioned provinces. The time domain studied in this research includes the time range of 1934 to 1941, that is, from the time when this plan was finally implemented despite the widespread opposition of the nomads until 1941, when the exile of Reza Shah and the overthrow of the government of the time, provided the necessary grounds for the tribal revolt and the destruction of houses built. The studies conducted in this study showed that the Bakhtiari nomads experienced voluntary settlement, but the forced and coercive implementation of this plan and the manner of realization and the quality of its implementation played an important role in the nomads' opposition to the issue of housing. The results show that Reza Shah's government, despite raising the issue of nomadic settlement with the slogan of modernization, in practice, not only did not take action to create suitable housing for the nomads, but also to build housing for the nomads themselves. Therefore, the lack of adequate housing and incompatibility between humans and the environment played a key role in residents' dissatisfaction and the failure of the forced housing plan, which led to their return to the migration system.  },  
Keywords = {Reza Shah, Forced Settlement, Bakhtiari Nomads, Nomadism.},
volume = {14},
Number = {40}, 
pages = {1-16}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.1004.14021003},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1354-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1354-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {FathiSogolitapeh, Vahideh and Balanian, Ne},  
title = {Extracting Designing a Cultural Center with the Approach of Attracting Tourists in the Historical Context (Case study: Ferdowsi Neighborhood of Tehran)}, 
abstract ={The historical and cultural context of any land is a sign of its identity. Culture is one of the factors in the formation of architectural spaces, and architecture is a symbol of culture. The culture of any society is a reflection of the intellectual infrastructure of the people of that society and these intellectual infrastructures influence the construction of everything that is needed by that society. Historical monuments are considered as a valuable heritage to attract tourists, introduce culture, art, architecture, lifestyle, customs and also causes economic prosperity. In order to prevent damage and loss of historical and cultural assets, including in the city of Tehran, where the name of old Tehran always reminds us of concepts such as culture and art, the importance of the continued existence of the historical and cultural fabric, which can bring vitality back to the residents of the context  and historical buildings through identifying, restoration, protection, and the redevelopment  of  the historical buildings, designing infill spaces, and with the development of the tourism,  the path could lead to the prosperity of the context. Paying attention to culture is very important in tourism planning and sustainable tourism. Culture is considered a vital resource for the development of tourism, and tourism also plays an important role in cultural development. Therefore, the establishment of a cultural center with activities in this regard will implement the aforementioned goals. The site is located in the historical context of Tehran District 12 in Ferdowsi neighborhood. Research goal; Designing a cultural center with the approach tourism and helping to revive the historical context, introducing the historical cultural values of neighborhood, strengthening the sense of belonging to the place, protecting the heritage of old Tehran, preventing the destruction of valuable historical buildings ,improving the quality of life in the historical context, building a special collection and space for researching Iranian culture and architecture and identity with the aim of developing tourism, fundraising, creating jobs and economic prosperity through attracting tourists. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the whose data was collected in the field, library and internet. To design a cultural center in the form of infill building and preserve the originality of the texture, solutions in the form of effective components in design was presented in the direction of the proposed approach which includes originality, partiality, identity, readability, introversion, sense of place, hierarchy,  dynamism, transparency, location, scale, character, flexibility, continuity and discontinuity, and respect for privacy, which were considered as much as possible due to the tourism approach and inspiration from Iranian architectural elements.  },  
Keywords = {Cultural Center, Ferdowsi Neighborhood of Tehran, Historical Context, Tourism.},
volume = {14},
Number = {40}, 
pages = {17-32}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.2369.14021025},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1444-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1444-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {ArmanTalab, Abbas and HatamiKhangahi, Tohid and Abravesh, Akbar and Vaziri, Vhi},  
title = {Evaluating the impact of hospital architecture in reducing the number of patients (Case example: Ardabil Ithar Neurological and Psychiatric Hospital)}, 
abstract ={In this article, the impact of the architecture of the interior spaces of the hospital on the recovery of neuropsychiatric patients was investigated. The statistics of the population of all male patients (veterans and non-veterans) hospitalized in Isar Neuropsychological Hospital of Ardabil, 50 of them were selected by sampling during the spring of 1400. Data analysis was done using multiple linear regression model. Independent variables include 10 physical indicators of study rooms and architectures related to the amount of weight loss. Independent reports were evaluated by architectural assessment and DASS-21 standard 21-question questionnaire was used to calculate the assessment value. The findings showed that among the 10 physical indicators studied, six factors had a significant effect on the rate of reduction. Regarding risk reduction, "artificial light", "external view", "far from toilet", "natural light", "noise control" and "wall materials and color" have the most impact, respectively. Also, the effect of effective factors on veteran patients was higher than on non-veteran patients. The benefits of the findings of this article can be used in the design of hospital spaces for neuropsychiatric patients and especially for veteran architects.In this research, the effect of physical factors of inpatient rooms on the improvement of anxiety in male mental patients hospitalized in Isar Ardabil Hospital was investigated. This study was conducted on two groups of patients (veteran patients in the war imposed by Iraq on Iran and non-veteran patients). Depending on whether the psychiatric patients hospitalized in each room are veterans or non-veterans, the architect designer can apply his plans according to the physical factors that have the most impact on the improvement of psychological states, in terms of accessibility in terms of local conditions. Also, it is possible to provide physical proposals and different plans for the hospital rooms of veteran and non-veteran patients. Architects can take advantage of the common factors effective in improving the anxiety of veteran and non-veteran patients in the design of common spaces between people. Since architects seek to find common points between different people and different factors, the findings of the present research are useful in finding the point of agreement between people with different mindsets. According to the aforementioned findings, the impact of architectural physical factors, which may seem insignificant at first glance, is significant in the process of treating and reducing the anxiety of mental patients. Observing the points related to the organization of the internal spaces of hospitals, especially in treatment centers for mental patients, is one of the cheap methods with high efficiency to speed up the process of treating patients. Therefore, it is recommended to improve as much as possible the mental states of patients, regardless of whether they are veterans or non-veterans, in the design of the neurology department of hospitals, effective architectural components should be given special attention. In addition, it is necessary for the planners and managers of treatment spaces to have more cooperation with the architects and designers of the interior spaces of hospitals.  },  
Keywords = {",Architectural hospital",, ",Environmental factors",, ",Psyche",},
volume = {14},
Number = {40}, 
pages = {33-46}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.2372.14021030},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1447-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1447-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {NasrEsfahani, Afsaneh and Holakooei, Parviz},  
title = {Ali Qoli Aqha bathhouse in Isfahan: a scientific study on the deterioration processes of haft rang tiles}, 
abstract ={Ali Qoli Agha bathhouse was built in the Safavid period and was decorated with glazed haft-rang tiles. The architectural revetments underwent some interventions during the Qajar period so that wall paintings were added and new haft rang tiles adorned the interior decoration of the building. The haft rang tiles bear floral and animal patterns together with geometric designs. In the first glance, a severe damage can be evinced within the tiles. While the Safavid tiles suffer from detachment of the low lead alkali white glaze layer, the Qajar tiles are severely faded so that patterns cannot be observed readily and the designs may not be tracked easily with naked eyes. We show that a significant difference between the thermal expansion of the Safavid lead alkali glaze and that of the calcareous clay body is the main reason for the detachment of the Safavid glazes from their body. Also, the Qajar glazed tiles are mainly faded due to the alkali leaching and, in addition, the undissolved quartz crystals and bubbly glazes have imposed to the glazes. Our field observations furthermore show that the crystallization of soluble salts in the monument is on significant importance in the deterioration of the glazed tiles. Based on scanning electron microscopy – energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), micro-Raman spectroscopy and chemical wet tests, we show that calcium sulphate dihydrate, sodium and potassium nitrates and sodium chloride are the main salts attacking the glazed tiles. In fact, soluble chloride, sulphate and nitrate salts in the building accelerate the deterioration process of the tiles by crystallization and dissolution cycles which occur within the equilibrium relative humidity (EQRH) of the salts. We demonstrate that these salts are originated from past and current activities in or around the bathhouse. Based on field observations and analysis of thermal camera data, we show that ascending, descending and condensed humidity caused by precipitation, local activities in the vicinity of Ali Qoli Agha bath and activities within the Ali Qali Agha bath are the main reasons for the destruction of haft rang Safavid and Qajar tiles. This research shows that the combined effect of the cycles of crystallization, dissolution and recrystallization of soluble salts along with temperature and humidity fluctuations have weakened the adherence of the glaze to the body of the tiles from Ali Qali Agha bathhouse and has caused considerable damage.  },  
Keywords = {Ali Qoli-Agha bath, haft rang tile, glaze, Safavid, Qajar, deterioration},
volume = {14},
Number = {40}, 
pages = {47-64}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.152.14020920},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1469-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1469-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {shahbazichegeni, behrouz and hojat, isa and nadimi, hami},  
title = {Beyond the dichotomy of self-creation and solidarity: John Dewey’s natural form as an anti-dualistic concept for architectural façade design}, 
abstract ={Many have considered the scheme of the contemporary Iranian city to be chaotic and disorganized. Doing so, they have the residential facade be called a place in borders: the border between private and public, self and other, house and city. In re-reading the writings and discourses that have addressed the issue of the city's appearance being unattractive, one can see how much this borderline position has been the cornerstone of most pathologies. This borderline situation has reproduced itself in the ethics of the architect and has formed another dichotomy: self-creation against solidarity. Many have pointed out that the problem with architectural form design is that the architect sees the facade as a canvas for his creativity and self-expression and ignores the other. Rather than trying to understand why the city's appearance is disordered or not, this article will focus on an element that seems to be ignored in those pathologies above positively and clearly: the architectural form in its very material context. In John Dewey's aesthetic theories and Richard Rorty's epistemological theories, we are looking for the characteristics and features of a form that nullifies the conflict between self-creation and solidarity and can put these two in their coexisting place. Two elements are supposed to work with each other to solve problems, and if this opposition does not exist as a problem to be solved in the design of the form, talking about a good form loses most of its meaning. This article claims that a good form is a form that, while responding to its problems, has a contingent and unexpected nature. For this reason, by referring to the philosophers mentioned above, and their related theories, the characteristics of such a form are discussed, and an attempt is made to discuss these characteristics in some contemporary works of architecture.  },  
Keywords = {Residential facade, solidarity, self-creation, John Dewey, Richard Rorty, natural form},
volume = {14},
Number = {40}, 
pages = {65-80}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.2305.14020912},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1475-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1475-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Yagubzadeh, Hamed and Nemati-Babaylou, ali},  
title = {Determining the physical and chemical properties of the mortar of the historical Qara-Korpi (Black Bridge) Bridge in Maku}, 
abstract ={In general, lime mortars have two parts: binder and aggregate; that each part of the mortar can be effective in creating various characteristics in the mortar. The binder part is divided into two types of hydraulic and air lime, and the mortar aggregates section mostly includes silicate minerals and sometimes carbonate aggregates. The difference between hydraulic lime and air lime is in the way they are carbonated, as well as the presence of silicate, aluminate and iron-bearing minerals, which are seen in hydraulic lime as calcium silicates and calcium aluminates in the structure of the lime binder. The goals of this article are: A: A brief overview of the properties of lime mortars in order to understand the effect of aggregates and aggregates in the mortar. B: Structural analysis of mortar in order to investigate the hydraulic properties of lime mortar of the case sample of the mortar of QaraKorpi (Black bridge) structure in maku. C: Determination of the size and grading of the historical case sample. According to the obtained results, it was found that the type of lime used is non-hydraulic or air lime and the type of aggregates used is mostly quartz and the maximum size group of aggregates in the mortar sample includes clay aggregates and fine sands, which can be attributed to the destruction of the mortar in Its lifespan or some kind of structural weakness during mortar construction. To achieve the goals of this research, FTIR, XRD, XRF and soil granulation machine were used.  },  
Keywords = {Black Bridge (Qara-Korpi) maku, mortar, lime, mechanical analysis methods},
volume = {14},
Number = {40}, 
pages = {81-93}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.2379.14021101},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1451-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1451-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}