@article{ 
author = {Afshari, Mohsen and MahmoodiKahkesh, Maryam Mahmoodi and Nilforoushan, Mohammad-rez},  
title = {The effects of Reza Shah\'s forced resettlement plan on the lives of Bakhtiari nomads and their return to the nomadic system in the early Pahlavi period}, 
abstract ={Nomads have been known for their unique way of life, namely nomadism. But there have always been attempts to relocate and forcibly resettle them, which had different goals, which in the period of Reza Shah, this process took on a different nature and process. The purpose of this study is to investigate the architectural aspect and the process of formation and construction of Bakhtiari nomadic houses during the implementation of their forced housing plan during the reign of Reza Shah, to investigate the possible role of architectural funds in people's dissatisfaction with the housing plan. The main question of the present study is what was the process of forming houses in the Bakhtiari nomadic settlement plan? In order to find out how the factors influencing the formation of architecture have been, and more precisely, what is the position of compatibility between humans and the environment in this project. The method of this research is historical-interpretive method and the reasoning method was inductive. Library and documentary methods and interviews were used to collect data. After collecting and categorizing the necessary information and organizing them, an attempt was made to investigate the role of socio-cultural dimensions in the implementation of this plan, the extent of human-environmental compatibility and its possible role in the failure of the forced housing plan. Bakhtiari territory was divided into two areas of Khuzestan and Chaharmahal for ease of settlement, and therefore, the general scope of the research geography includes the two above-mentioned provinces. The time domain studied in this research includes the time range of 1934 to 1941, that is, from the time when this plan was finally implemented despite the widespread opposition of the nomads until 1941, when the exile of Reza Shah and the overthrow of the government of the time, provided the necessary grounds for the tribal revolt and the destruction of houses built. The studies conducted in this study showed that the Bakhtiari nomads experienced voluntary settlement, but the forced and coercive implementation of this plan and the manner of realization and the quality of its implementation played an important role in the nomads' opposition to the issue of housing. The results show that Reza Shah's government, despite raising the issue of nomadic settlement with the slogan of modernization, in practice, not only did not take action to create suitable housing for the nomads, but also to build housing for the nomads themselves. Therefore, the lack of adequate housing and incompatibility between humans and the environment played a key role in residents' dissatisfaction and the failure of the forced housing plan, which led to their return to the migration system.  },  
Keywords = {Reza Shah, Forced Settlement, Bakhtiari Nomads, Nomadism.},
volume = {14},
Number = {40}, 
pages = {1-16}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.1004.14021003},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1354-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1354-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {FathiSogolitapeh, Vahideh and Balanian, Ne},  
title = {Extracting Designing a Cultural Center with the Approach of Attracting Tourists in the Historical Context (Case study: Ferdowsi Neighborhood of Tehran)}, 
abstract ={The historical and cultural context of any land is a sign of its identity. Culture is one of the factors in the formation of architectural spaces, and architecture is a symbol of culture. The culture of any society is a reflection of the intellectual infrastructure of the people of that society and these intellectual infrastructures influence the construction of everything that is needed by that society. Historical monuments are considered as a valuable heritage to attract tourists, introduce culture, art, architecture, lifestyle, customs and also causes economic prosperity. In order to prevent damage and loss of historical and cultural assets, including in the city of Tehran, where the name of old Tehran always reminds us of concepts such as culture and art, the importance of the continued existence of the historical and cultural fabric, which can bring vitality back to the residents of the context  and historical buildings through identifying, restoration, protection, and the redevelopment  of  the historical buildings, designing infill spaces, and with the development of the tourism,  the path could lead to the prosperity of the context. Paying attention to culture is very important in tourism planning and sustainable tourism. Culture is considered a vital resource for the development of tourism, and tourism also plays an important role in cultural development. Therefore, the establishment of a cultural center with activities in this regard will implement the aforementioned goals. The site is located in the historical context of Tehran District 12 in Ferdowsi neighborhood. Research goal; Designing a cultural center with the approach tourism and helping to revive the historical context, introducing the historical cultural values of neighborhood, strengthening the sense of belonging to the place, protecting the heritage of old Tehran, preventing the destruction of valuable historical buildings ,improving the quality of life in the historical context, building a special collection and space for researching Iranian culture and architecture and identity with the aim of developing tourism, fundraising, creating jobs and economic prosperity through attracting tourists. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the whose data was collected in the field, library and internet. To design a cultural center in the form of infill building and preserve the originality of the texture, solutions in the form of effective components in design was presented in the direction of the proposed approach which includes originality, partiality, identity, readability, introversion, sense of place, hierarchy,  dynamism, transparency, location, scale, character, flexibility, continuity and discontinuity, and respect for privacy, which were considered as much as possible due to the tourism approach and inspiration from Iranian architectural elements.  },  
Keywords = {Cultural Center, Ferdowsi Neighborhood of Tehran, Historical Context, Tourism.},
volume = {14},
Number = {40}, 
pages = {17-32}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.2369.14021025},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1444-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1444-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {ArmanTalab, Abbas and HatamiKhangahi, Tohid and Abravesh, Akbar and Vaziri, Vhi},  
title = {Evaluating the impact of hospital architecture in reducing the number of patients (Case example: Ardabil Ithar Neurological and Psychiatric Hospital)}, 
abstract ={In this article, the impact of the architecture of the interior spaces of the hospital on the recovery of neuropsychiatric patients was investigated. The statistics of the population of all male patients (veterans and non-veterans) hospitalized in Isar Neuropsychological Hospital of Ardabil, 50 of them were selected by sampling during the spring of 1400. Data analysis was done using multiple linear regression model. Independent variables include 10 physical indicators of study rooms and architectures related to the amount of weight loss. Independent reports were evaluated by architectural assessment and DASS-21 standard 21-question questionnaire was used to calculate the assessment value. The findings showed that among the 10 physical indicators studied, six factors had a significant effect on the rate of reduction. Regarding risk reduction, "artificial light", "external view", "far from toilet", "natural light", "noise control" and "wall materials and color" have the most impact, respectively. Also, the effect of effective factors on veteran patients was higher than on non-veteran patients. The benefits of the findings of this article can be used in the design of hospital spaces for neuropsychiatric patients and especially for veteran architects.In this research, the effect of physical factors of inpatient rooms on the improvement of anxiety in male mental patients hospitalized in Isar Ardabil Hospital was investigated. This study was conducted on two groups of patients (veteran patients in the war imposed by Iraq on Iran and non-veteran patients). Depending on whether the psychiatric patients hospitalized in each room are veterans or non-veterans, the architect designer can apply his plans according to the physical factors that have the most impact on the improvement of psychological states, in terms of accessibility in terms of local conditions. Also, it is possible to provide physical proposals and different plans for the hospital rooms of veteran and non-veteran patients. Architects can take advantage of the common factors effective in improving the anxiety of veteran and non-veteran patients in the design of common spaces between people. Since architects seek to find common points between different people and different factors, the findings of the present research are useful in finding the point of agreement between people with different mindsets. According to the aforementioned findings, the impact of architectural physical factors, which may seem insignificant at first glance, is significant in the process of treating and reducing the anxiety of mental patients. Observing the points related to the organization of the internal spaces of hospitals, especially in treatment centers for mental patients, is one of the cheap methods with high efficiency to speed up the process of treating patients. Therefore, it is recommended to improve as much as possible the mental states of patients, regardless of whether they are veterans or non-veterans, in the design of the neurology department of hospitals, effective architectural components should be given special attention. In addition, it is necessary for the planners and managers of treatment spaces to have more cooperation with the architects and designers of the interior spaces of hospitals.  },  
Keywords = {",Architectural hospital",, ",Environmental factors",, ",Psyche",},
volume = {14},
Number = {40}, 
pages = {33-46}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.2372.14021030},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1447-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1447-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {NasrEsfahani, Afsaneh and Holakooei, Parviz},  
title = {Ali Qoli Aqha bathhouse in Isfahan: a scientific study on the deterioration processes of haft rang tiles}, 
abstract ={Ali Qoli Agha bathhouse was built in the Safavid period and was decorated with glazed haft-rang tiles. The architectural revetments underwent some interventions during the Qajar period so that wall paintings were added and new haft rang tiles adorned the interior decoration of the building. The haft rang tiles bear floral and animal patterns together with geometric designs. In the first glance, a severe damage can be evinced within the tiles. While the Safavid tiles suffer from detachment of the low lead alkali white glaze layer, the Qajar tiles are severely faded so that patterns cannot be observed readily and the designs may not be tracked easily with naked eyes. We show that a significant difference between the thermal expansion of the Safavid lead alkali glaze and that of the calcareous clay body is the main reason for the detachment of the Safavid glazes from their body. Also, the Qajar glazed tiles are mainly faded due to the alkali leaching and, in addition, the undissolved quartz crystals and bubbly glazes have imposed to the glazes. Our field observations furthermore show that the crystallization of soluble salts in the monument is on significant importance in the deterioration of the glazed tiles. Based on scanning electron microscopy – energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), micro-Raman spectroscopy and chemical wet tests, we show that calcium sulphate dihydrate, sodium and potassium nitrates and sodium chloride are the main salts attacking the glazed tiles. In fact, soluble chloride, sulphate and nitrate salts in the building accelerate the deterioration process of the tiles by crystallization and dissolution cycles which occur within the equilibrium relative humidity (EQRH) of the salts. We demonstrate that these salts are originated from past and current activities in or around the bathhouse. Based on field observations and analysis of thermal camera data, we show that ascending, descending and condensed humidity caused by precipitation, local activities in the vicinity of Ali Qoli Agha bath and activities within the Ali Qali Agha bath are the main reasons for the destruction of haft rang Safavid and Qajar tiles. This research shows that the combined effect of the cycles of crystallization, dissolution and recrystallization of soluble salts along with temperature and humidity fluctuations have weakened the adherence of the glaze to the body of the tiles from Ali Qali Agha bathhouse and has caused considerable damage.  },  
Keywords = {Ali Qoli-Agha bath, haft rang tile, glaze, Safavid, Qajar, deterioration},
volume = {14},
Number = {40}, 
pages = {47-64}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.152.14020920},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1469-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1469-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {shahbazichegeni, behrouz and hojat, isa and nadimi, hami},  
title = {Beyond the dichotomy of self-creation and solidarity: John Dewey’s natural form as an anti-dualistic concept for architectural façade design}, 
abstract ={Many have considered the scheme of the contemporary Iranian city to be chaotic and disorganized. Doing so, they have the residential facade be called a place in borders: the border between private and public, self and other, house and city. In re-reading the writings and discourses that have addressed the issue of the city's appearance being unattractive, one can see how much this borderline position has been the cornerstone of most pathologies. This borderline situation has reproduced itself in the ethics of the architect and has formed another dichotomy: self-creation against solidarity. Many have pointed out that the problem with architectural form design is that the architect sees the facade as a canvas for his creativity and self-expression and ignores the other. Rather than trying to understand why the city's appearance is disordered or not, this article will focus on an element that seems to be ignored in those pathologies above positively and clearly: the architectural form in its very material context. In John Dewey's aesthetic theories and Richard Rorty's epistemological theories, we are looking for the characteristics and features of a form that nullifies the conflict between self-creation and solidarity and can put these two in their coexisting place. Two elements are supposed to work with each other to solve problems, and if this opposition does not exist as a problem to be solved in the design of the form, talking about a good form loses most of its meaning. This article claims that a good form is a form that, while responding to its problems, has a contingent and unexpected nature. For this reason, by referring to the philosophers mentioned above, and their related theories, the characteristics of such a form are discussed, and an attempt is made to discuss these characteristics in some contemporary works of architecture.  },  
Keywords = {Residential facade, solidarity, self-creation, John Dewey, Richard Rorty, natural form},
volume = {14},
Number = {40}, 
pages = {65-80}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.2305.14020912},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1475-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1475-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Yagubzadeh, Hamed and Nemati-Babaylou, ali},  
title = {Determining the physical and chemical properties of the mortar of the historical Qara-Korpi (Black Bridge) Bridge in Maku}, 
abstract ={In general, lime mortars have two parts: binder and aggregate; that each part of the mortar can be effective in creating various characteristics in the mortar. The binder part is divided into two types of hydraulic and air lime, and the mortar aggregates section mostly includes silicate minerals and sometimes carbonate aggregates. The difference between hydraulic lime and air lime is in the way they are carbonated, as well as the presence of silicate, aluminate and iron-bearing minerals, which are seen in hydraulic lime as calcium silicates and calcium aluminates in the structure of the lime binder. The goals of this article are: A: A brief overview of the properties of lime mortars in order to understand the effect of aggregates and aggregates in the mortar. B: Structural analysis of mortar in order to investigate the hydraulic properties of lime mortar of the case sample of the mortar of QaraKorpi (Black bridge) structure in maku. C: Determination of the size and grading of the historical case sample. According to the obtained results, it was found that the type of lime used is non-hydraulic or air lime and the type of aggregates used is mostly quartz and the maximum size group of aggregates in the mortar sample includes clay aggregates and fine sands, which can be attributed to the destruction of the mortar in Its lifespan or some kind of structural weakness during mortar construction. To achieve the goals of this research, FTIR, XRD, XRF and soil granulation machine were used.  },  
Keywords = {Black Bridge (Qara-Korpi) maku, mortar, lime, mechanical analysis methods},
volume = {14},
Number = {40}, 
pages = {81-93}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {‎ ‎ ‎10.52547/mmi.2379.14021101},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1451-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1451-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2024}  
}