@article{ 
author = {heidari, ali akbar and kiaee, maryam},  
title = {Analysis of functional efficiency in Houses of Tabriz City in Qajar-period Based on Quality of Access to Space}, 
abstract ={The function of a space in a building greatly depends on the position of that space in its general configuration system and its desirable performance occurs when the space in relation to other parts of the building can meet the expectations of its users. This topic is known in the literature for functional efficiency. For this purpose, the present study by selecting 18 homes of the Qajar period in Tabriz has analyzed the functional efficiency changes of these houses in line with their structural-spatial transformations. The quality of access in this study, known as the independent variable, was measured in terms of four indicators of permeability, flexibility, spatial integration, and relation between components, and the impact of each of these indicators on the functional efficiency of the houses was analyzed. The results of the research indicated that high-quality accessibility indexes were found in homes built in the early and mid-Qajar period, However, at the end of the Qajar period, these indicators declined, the most important factor in this regard is chaning the architectural system from introverted to extroverted and changing the function of the courtyard from a server space to a mere passageway space. },  
Keywords = {Functional efficiency, Access quality, Space syntax, Qajar period houses},
volume = {10},
Number = {23}, 
pages = {1-18}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {10.52547/mmi.10.23.1},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-651-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-651-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Lotfi, Sahand and Sholeh, Mahsa and Ghanbari, Erfaneh},  
title = {Applying the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) Method in the Designation of Character Areas and the Physical Conservation of the Historic Urban Landscape (Case Study: Lar Old City, Fars, Iran)}, 
abstract ={The Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) of the city is shaped by several layers of explicit and implicit contextual values ​​that distinguish it from other landscapes. Sustaining these contextual characteristics and values ​​as a whole is made possible by a thorough understanding and putting in place measures to preserve and enhance them. This article, in the absence of methodologies to delineate and redefine heritage conservation areas, and respond to the inadequacy of the definition of the heritage buildings regulatory Buffer Zones, seeks to present a new approach aimed at the physical protection of features (including architectural and natural dimensions) of the Historic Urban Landscape in the city of Lar (as the case study). In this regard, the CACA (Conservation Area Character Appraisal) method has been applied, which is measured by four criteria including “evidence-base,” “historical value,” “aesthetic and architectural value,” and “authenticity and integrity.” To this end, the study has assessed the criteria in two scales using two conservation approaches of “point-based” (focused on single heritage buildings) and “area-based” focusing on the characteristics of a conservation area. The present study is an applied research and has used qualitative and quantitative methods in a consolidated way. Initially, and with a “point-based” approach through field surveys and interviews with experts, valuable heritage buildings (in addition to registered heritage elements) have been identified. This step was intended to further the inclusion of relevant heritage elements. Then, weighting the criteria by the experts and incorporating them into the AHP process, the ranking of the importance of the criteria and sub-criteria is attempted. In the next step, using the “Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW)” method in GIS software, the historic fabric “conservation areas” of Lar City are identified around valuable points in the form of “character areas.” These zones have been proposed in three levels with high (grade 1), moderate (grade 2), and low (grade 3) characters. The designation of these areas will serve as a criterion for taking into account the regulations for intervention and conservation of the Historic Urban Landscape of the city.},  
Keywords = {Historic Urban Landscape (HUL), character area, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), buffer zone, Lar (City in Iran)},
volume = {10},
Number = {23}, 
pages = {19-34}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {10.52547/mmi.10.23.19},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-735-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-735-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kakhani, Ehs},  
title = {Edifice in order for Desolation: Two different Narratives about the Status of Architect and Architecture in Iḥyaʾ ʿūlm al-dīn Ghazali  Book}, 
abstract ={Abu Hamid al-Ghazālī was a mystic, jurist and a theologian, lived in the fifth century AH, who had significantly influenced Iranian culture. His greatest work is Iḥyaʾ ʿūlm al-dīnʾ, which he wrote to revive the religious knowledge, in his seclusion period and with the subject of “transaction knowledge”, therefore there could be found architectural information in it. This research is dedicated to understanding Al-Ḡazālī’s principles for architecture and its status in Eḥyāʾ. This was done by the interpretation approach, reading and interpreting the original text of Eḥyāʾ. The focus of this research is the book of Eḥyāʾ, and it referred to other Ghazalis and secondary resources only for a better understanding of this book. This paper is the result of organizing the collected findings of Eḥyāʾ and the argument for understanding Al-Ḡazālī’s principles about architecture. The outcome of this research is two different narratives of al-Ghazālī about the craftsmen. The first narrative is about the social status of architect. The architect in this status is a craftsman who is among the ordinary people. Ordinary people’s essence is neglecting and this neglect retains the world’s order. One must be ascetic and devote himself to his crafts. At this level, not constructing is better than constructing and desolation is better than development. At the second level, Al-Ghazali’s view is quite different. By this level the architect, regardless of his/her social status, can be a prosperous servant of God, exceed the institution of asceticism, and achieves the status of affection, the highest authority. He needs to be engaged mindfully in his craft, to seek the meanings from the appearances of the world, build what reminds of the most beloved, God, and develop the world by his body while desolate it in his inwardness.},  
Keywords = {Iḥyaʾ ʿūlm al-dīnʾ, Mohammad Ghazali, Dhikr in Architecture, Zuhd in architecture, Architectural History},
volume = {10},
Number = {23}, 
pages = {35-48}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {10.52547/mmi.10.23.35},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-784-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-784-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Behzadfar, Mustafa and sattari, mahya and jalilisadrabad, samaneh and Japaghi, Gholamreza and JaliliSadrAbad, Somayeh},  
title = {Pathology of Legislation and Legal Approvals Related to Texture and Building Management}, 
abstract ={Today, the importance and special position of the historical texture and buildings in the city is completely obvious. However, the issue of protecting, supporting and restoring historical texture and valuable historical buildings in Iran is not seriously, scientifically and legally pursued by top level of management and popular demand. Historical texture and buildings are increasingly in danger, day by day. Although several public associations and non-government organizations keep tracking the protection of historical buildings, they won’t be effective as they do not have legal role and position in decision-making and actions. Therefore, the importance of legal and lawful dimensions to pass or change these conditions will be considerable. Accordingly, using a qualitative method as well as legal hermeneutical approach, a review of consistent and related rules has been done and consequently a brief pathology has been provided based on the protecting and restoring rules and in comparison, with global commissions and agreements. The results of these studies indicate that existing laws need to be revised, modified and completed. In addition, there are a number of legal gaps that require the enactment of new laws to address overlooked issues in the existing set of laws. Among them, some issues are more important. Therefore, in order to prioritize each reform issue in law, a process of priori has been done with the experts and specialists’ views. The results of interviews with experts and the prioritization indicated that documentary issues, monitoring building protection and recovery in law content as well as the issue of law enforcement are the main challenges of law reform.},  
Keywords = {Law, legal act, historical texture, historical building},
volume = {10},
Number = {23}, 
pages = {49-62}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {10.52547/mmi.10.23.49},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-708-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-708-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {kaveh, fatemeh and vasigh, behzad and MEHRAKIZADEH, MOHAMAD},  
title = {Measuring and Prioritizing the Quality of Identity in Historical Context Using the Entropy- Topsis Technique (Case Study: Sang-e-siyah Quarter)}, 
abstract ={Shiraz has precious historical textures that various parts and objects have been added to during contemporary city developments that these process and changes sometimes damaging its identity. Since historic textures have turned to lose identity, land prices drop down, main and old residents departure, new residents are disruptively interfering urban and architectural interventions. Today, the erosion and destruction of the historical texture of Shiraz, especially Sang-e Siyah quarter, is considered as a serious threat to the decline and damage to the cultural-historical identity of the city. Therefore, paying special attention to the identity and preservation of buildings and historical context is a priority for urban management. The main question is: “what are the strategies for maintaining and promoting identity to the historical context of the Sang-e-siyah? The purpose of this research is to prioritize and measure identity indices in the context of the Sang-e-Siyah zone, and reviving the historical context. The type of research is “applied research” and is based on analytical-descriptive and survey method. The required data is extracted from questionnaires and observations by using some software namely, “Excel2016”, “Ghrafer” and “Visio” and “Topsis” technique. The nature and weight of each of the index is determined using the “Shannon Entropy” method. Hence, in this research, independent variables including: spatial organization, structure, ecological structure, sense of place, social interactions, sense of security, diversity of customs and traditions and cultural heritage, historicity, meaning, legibility, viability and diversity, and dependent variables such as identity and physical identity, dimensions such as location of the neighborhood, permeability, ancient sites, traffic and transportation, vegetation, interaction between inhabitants, security, tourism, natural and artificial signs, value cultural activities, vitality and diversity of activities within the scope have been analyzed. The findings of the research indicate that from the inhabitants’ point of views, structure, ecological and security, and in domestic tourists’ views, attachment to places, historical places, culture, common rituals and beliefs of the neighborhood, and from the foreign tourists’ point of view attaching to the location, the diversity of historical places and culture, general rites and beliefs and the awareness of the antiquity of neighborhood are weak. Finally, according to residents and tourists’ opinions, suggestions and solutions are presented. It can be found that many components of the identity of the historical monuments of neighborhoods (factors that cause identity and the creation of symbols and signs) are either lost or weakened over time. Using identity-based measures can help to revive them and reinforce the dynamism of the neighborhood.  },  
Keywords = {Physical Identity Promotion, Historical Texture, Topsis Technique, Sang-e-Siyah zone in Shiraz},
volume = {10},
Number = {23}, 
pages = {63-82}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {10.52547/mmi.10.23.63},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-732-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-732-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {farsi, tayebeh and Shahivandi, Ahmad and Nasekhian, Shahriar},  
title = {The Principles of Conservation-based Organization of Historic Paths Through Benchmarking Method on Organization Experience of Iran and Other Countries (Case Study: The Organization of a Historic Roadway and Pathway in Isfahan under Status Assessment)}, 
abstract ={Paths are the most important urban spaces and account for the city and its historic district’s main structure. In the past, the geometry of historic cities revolved around old bazar rows and passages. However, with the advent of motorized vehicles and subsequent chess roads in historical texture, organic geometry and hierarchy of paths net, integrity and structure of historic district were disrupted. The main aim of this study is to provide optimal access while preserving the values ​​of historical texture and this can be achieved through the establishment of a conservation framework for the organization of historic paths. This framework must cope with the conservation of historical identity, maintenance of human morale, dealing with social issues and at the same time providing access for motorists. The experience gained from reforming Iran’s historical paths shows that the main concern has been the provision of access for motorists. The inefficiency of past organizations, despite their enormous cost, necessitates benchmarking on global expriences to specify the principles of conservation-based organization of historical paths and to determine the similarities and differences between the reformation of Iran and the world. Without such a study, the vain cycle of organizing historic paths inefficiently could be repeated over and over again. In effect, studies reveal that one of the most important causes of stagnation and abandonment of the historical district is the inefficiency of its paths. To this date, no comprehensive conservation-based studies on the organization of the paths in Iran’s historical district have been carried out and the shortage of the research literature in this field is evident. This study compares, for the first time, the organization of the Iranian historic paths with that of other countries through benchmarking method. The purpose of the present study is to achieve the principles of conservation-based organization of the paths in historical textures. The method of data collection is library and empirical and this is a cross-sectional field study. The results showed that the organization of the Iranian paths is sketchy since it lacks planning and positive attitude towards conservation. In case study, the organization of pathway and roadway was also incomplete and of poor quality grade. In the end, the principles of conservation-based organization of the paths in historical texture and the essence of historical passages are presented as the framework for likely future organization project.},  
Keywords = {Organization, Conservation-based, ‌Historic Texture, Historical Paths, ‌Benchmarking Method},
volume = {10},
Number = {23}, 
pages = {83-100}, 
publisher = {Art University of Isfahan},

doi = {10.52547/mmi.10.23.83},
url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-762-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-762-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran},  
issn = {2345-3850}, 
eissn = {2538-2624}, 
year = {2020}  
}