Maremat & Me'mari-e Iran
Art University of Isfahan
1- science and arts , s.omidvari@sau.ac.ir
2- uni
3- -
2- uni
3- -
Abstract: (44 Views)
Earth is one of the most accessible natural materials found in many parts of the world. Depending on the type of earth technology of each region and the builders skills, different natural materials has been used in the form of clay, stratum (or clay wall), rammed earth, compacted earth blocks, etc. In the last century, following the environmental crisis and the need to return to natural materials, the use of earth in architecture has doubled in all land. Among the various methods of earthen technology, the rammed earth method as a dominant model of earthen architecture and with minor changes in the technology has been able to penetrate in the architecture of many countries and to some extent develop as a suitable substitute for concrete and cement buildings in many developed countries. Historical evidence suggests that in the past, most of the construction was done with rammed earth method in hot and dry climate, but this method has flourished in many areas with humid and rainy weather. Therefore, each region has presented a special mixing plan and could present this as a native technique.
This article examines the history of rammed earth, although the starting point of this technique was in East Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, but the revitalization of this technique was by Francois Quanta, French architect from Lyon in the 18th century, and could create a turning point in the revival of this technique in the Europe. The publication of various books by this author and the implementation of new method of rammed earth, and the translation of these books in different countries of England, Germany, etc., were able to promote this method as a successful technique in many European and American countries. In the 20th century, the rammed earth technique was revitalized after World War II as a solution for housing and labor shortage. Although, the advent of bricks and some political decisions have led to a period of stagnation in the use of this method but environmental crises and the need to use natural and sustainable materials in construction have given a new life to this construction method. This has led to the establishment of many educational centers and institutions around the world to be able to introduce and implement this method in a better way. This article, based on the historical interpretation method, and collection of library information seeks to state the history of formation and revival of this construction method, and expressing the necessity of this method as a sustainable method and suitable construction method in different climates, including hot and dry climates, can be substituted for concrete and cement buildings.
This article examines the history of rammed earth, although the starting point of this technique was in East Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, but the revitalization of this technique was by Francois Quanta, French architect from Lyon in the 18th century, and could create a turning point in the revival of this technique in the Europe. The publication of various books by this author and the implementation of new method of rammed earth, and the translation of these books in different countries of England, Germany, etc., were able to promote this method as a successful technique in many European and American countries. In the 20th century, the rammed earth technique was revitalized after World War II as a solution for housing and labor shortage. Although, the advent of bricks and some political decisions have led to a period of stagnation in the use of this method but environmental crises and the need to use natural and sustainable materials in construction have given a new life to this construction method. This has led to the establishment of many educational centers and institutions around the world to be able to introduce and implement this method in a better way. This article, based on the historical interpretation method, and collection of library information seeks to state the history of formation and revival of this construction method, and expressing the necessity of this method as a sustainable method and suitable construction method in different climates, including hot and dry climates, can be substituted for concrete and cement buildings.
Article number: 196
Type of Study: Research original/ Regular Article |
Subject:
Maremat
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