@article{ author = {harandi, danial and ahmadi, hoseyn and mohammadi, mohse}, title = {Assessing the Application of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles in the Resistance Improvement of Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) Consolidant against the Wood White-Rot Fungus}, abstract ={The synthetic polymers are widely used as adhesives, consolidants and protective coatings in the conservation of historic relics. Although, compared to the natural polymers and adhesives, these materials present a better resistance against the microorganisms, most synthetic polymers remain appropriate sources of Carbon and energy for the growth of microorganism; in addition, the relics consolidated with these materials will still remain vulnerable to the microorganisms and fungi, leading to a sort of degradation whose progress will, nonetheless, be accelerated with the environmental factors and ultraviolet light. Therefore, preventing the microorganism from attacking the relics, as well as increasing their impact resistance against the environmental conditions are necessary. In this study, in order to maintain the antifungal properties in PolyVinyl Butyral (PVB), TiO2 nanoparticles were employed; anatase-type TiO2 nanoparticles were used in PVB to prepare the nanocomposites. Also, the Samples were made of Poplar wood (Populus spp.) in accord with the Bravery guidelines, treated by the Titanium Dioxide nanocomposite under vacuum conditions. Afterwards the samples were separately affected in the dark and under the daylight conditions by the wood white-rot fungi (Trametes versicolor) as a deterioration active, for the duration of seven weeks. The treated and untreated samples were placed under the accelerated aging condition (temperature, humidity and UV light). The results indicate that the wood samples treated with 1% of Nano-TiO2 (0.4g) in 5% PVB, placed in the dark, did not have any antifungal effect, while the amount of 2% (0.8g) could protect the wood against the white-rot fungus degradation in the darkness conditions. The inoculated samples with the amounts of 1%and 2% of Nano-Ti2O, in the light conditions, could also create antifungal properties in the treated samples with nanocomposite, and protected the wood against the white-rot fungus. The accelerated aging of the treated samples with consolidant without nanoparticles of Ti2O and the treated ones with nanocomposite under the heat, humidity and UV light conditions demonstrates that the treated samples were protected against the degradation, ultraviolet light and the environmental conditions. }, Keywords = {Titanium dioxide nanoparticles, nanocomposite, PolyVinyl Butyral, Trametes versicolor fungus, white-rot, wood, conservation.}, volume = {6}, Number = {12}, pages = {1-12}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-182-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-182-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Saghafi, Mahmoud Rez}, title = {A Comparison of Design Patterns between Ordinary Schools and Open Schools in Terms Of the Efficiency of Learning Environment}, abstract ={Although the learning approach is gradually changing from teacher-centered to student-centered, the pattern of designing school in Iran still is following the inefficient approach of teacher-centered. Learning environments nowadays are being less formally timetabled and increasingly collaborative and socially participating oriented.  Inductive reasoning has been applied in this qualitative study to compare the two linear patterns of corridor-class and open schools as the representatives of the school’s educational approaches. The aim is comparing the performance of the two patterns based on physical planning, developing multiple intelligence and learning methods. The results indicate that the pattern of common schools is a comparative advantage in the need for required infrastructure and thus less construction costs, but there are more limitations in terms of its main goals which include providing the effective environment to develop multiple intelligence and a variety of teaching methods comparing to the street learning pattern.}, Keywords = { learning environments, educational spaces, open schools, teaching methods, design patterns, multiple intelligence}, volume = {6}, Number = {12}, pages = {13-22}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-298-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-298-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Heydari, Dariush and razani, reza and HajEbrahimZargar, akbar and mehdizaheseraj, fatemeh}, title = {Static Analysis and Verification of Secondary Cracks Formation Caused by Settlement in the Walls without Openings}, abstract ={Pathology is a crucial basis in the process of restoration of historical monuments. So as just by an accurate pathology, a correct and effective restoration plan will be achieved. Amongst the various and different types of damages occurring in the historic monuments, Structural cracks in the walls are very important and considered as special issues that can endanger the stability and structural balance and speed up the process of destruction. These cracks are caused by disruptions in the stability and balance of walls and each disruptive factor usually leads to one crack. However, in some cases, after occurring instability and cracks in a wall by a disruptive factor, it can be seen that with the growth of cracks, secondary and new cracks have been formed. Therefore it is always the question that what kinds of changes in the static equilibrium of the wall and secondary cracks are due to the formation of the first cracks. Therefore in answer to this question, the study aimed to analyze the formation of secondary cracks in the walls without openings. The method is theoretical and static analysis and it is tried to provide examples through a field study to verify the results. According to the studies, secondary cracks do not occur when ordinary settlement in each of the two ends of a wall or almost the entire length of a wall occurs. Rather we see secondary cracks when the settlement has occurred in the middle of the wall or a long settlement has occurred at the beginning or end of the wall. And also the form of secondary cracks depends on the length of the settlement area in a wall and the form of the first cracks}, Keywords = {crack, secondary crack, wall, settlement, static model, verification.}, volume = {6}, Number = {12}, pages = {23-34}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-350-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-350-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Noghani, Somayeh and Amiri, Mohammad and Emami, Mohammadami}, title = {Determining the Effective Parameters for Desalination Process of Non-Glazed Potteries in Immersing System Using Response Surface Methodology}, abstract ={Deterioration of historical porous materials as a result of crystallization of soluble salts is a well-known phenomenon. Optimizing the water consumption in desalination of historical potteries is highly desirable due to safety and conservation of materials. The present paper describes adoption of a response surface methodology (RSM) in central composite design (CCD), through systematic changes in immersing system, to determine the effective parameters of desalination process. The input parameters in the design were consisted of firing temperature, immersing time, agitation rate, type and concentration of surfactant. Electrical conductivity (EC) readings and Ca2+ ions concentration monitoring through atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) in the rinse solution were responses of the experiments. The results of this research revealed that the most effective parameters on increasing the salt extraction are firing temperature, immersing time, and agitation rate. The accuracy of modeling optimal ions extraction has been validated by triplicate experiments giving more than 85% conformity with the predicted data by RSM. }, Keywords = {pottery, desalination, immersing system, response surface methodology (RSM).}, volume = {6}, Number = {12}, pages = {35-50}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-308-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-308-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Revival of an Identity; Feasibility Study in Revitalization of Khosro Agha Historic Public Bathhouse}, abstract ={Following the increasing automobile dependency life style, there is a need for new pathways and roadways every day. That’s why the valuable buildings and historical heritage located on the route of these paths are subject to demolition. Such reckless behaviors which are just born out of a sort of thought and functional need, will give rise to form some unknown concepts of historical fabrics of the cities. The consequence of this ignorance has been resulted in blemishing the historical and cultural identity of the urban spaces in historical cities such as Isfahan. Amongst the most abnormal examples of such measures, as it is the focus of this study, we can indicate the overnight destruction of Khosro Agha historic public bathhouse in order to construct Hakim Street. The street, in a struggle to be constructed for many years, was seeking to demolish and isolate a valuable and historical building around Safavid Dolat Khane. This qualitative research, with a historical-descriptive approach based on library and field studies and aiming to make the architectural and historical lines of Khosro Agha historic public bathhouse recognizable and clear again, has described how Hakim Street has been constructed and how a part of the historical fabric of Isfahan has been torn down and the precious building of this bathhouse has been destructed. Its major hypothesis is also to propose a revitalization method for Khosro Agha historic public bathhouse referring to the remained documents and according to the rules and regulations of conservation charters. Regarding the above mentioned issues, the result of this study is to emphasize the restoration of the downtrodden identity of a part of our country’s architectural history in one of the scientific feasibility studied methods.}, Keywords = {Isfahan, historical fabric, Khosro Agha historic public bathhouse, identity, revitalization.}, volume = {6}, Number = {12}, pages = {51-66}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-336-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-336-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Culture-Based Regeneration through Developing Creative Industries and Explanation of Cultural Quarters in Historic Urban Textures}, abstract ={An integral feature of urban development is economic and symbolic value which has been brought by cultural industries. A city, especially its historical center, acts as a set of cultural resources that provide creative arena for cultural production and consumption, competing fields with each other, increasing city attractions for potential investment and improving interaction with local communities and making a memorable place. In addition, the ability of this sector can be an important indicator for innovative capacities of other parts of the city and its extensive economy in national and regional level.  Cultural quarters based on innovation, flexibility, idea making and changeability can be useful indicators for a set of extensive changes and affecting the city and quarter's economy and providing creative industries. Thus developing creative industries through establishing creative and cultural regions as a key for developing the region and changing the landscape of historic quarters, is considered as the most important necessity of this paper. The aim of this study was to explain a way along with developing creative economy in historical urban textures with an emphasis on cultural and historical themes, as well as explanation of a creativity-based strategy to establish an integrated system of urban regeneration and to achieve a new identity and improve the image of the city in competing fields, that has been studied with a qualitative approach and a descriptive and analytical method based on a review of documents and evidences and explanation of the case study, leading to suggest explanation motives for a cultural quarter inside historic urban textures in the case study-Lalezar.}, Keywords = { urban regeneration, creative industries, creative economy, cultural policies, Lalezar.}, volume = {6}, Number = {12}, pages = {67-84}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-262-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-262-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {razani, mehdi and Haddadian, mohamad ali and porabbas, Safar}, title = {The Use of Rapid Prototyping Technology to Reconstruct the Missing Parts of Glass Works with the Approach of Applying in Historical Glasses}, abstract ={Abstract Although nowadays the advancements in technologies and preservation methods have led to effective conservation of historical and ancient glass works, it is still necessary to develop much less-destructive methods in conservation practices. Rapid prototyping technique (RPT) in recent years has been increasingly implemented in Engineering, Medical, Industrial Design and Architecture fields. In this study the RPT- including 3D scanning and 3D printing was investigated and implemented in reconstruction of missing parts of glass works. The reconstruction of a glass work with missing parts was considered as the subject for this study. The ordinary methods for reconstraction of missing areas in historical glasses are moulding and casting away from the object gap-filling with resins, but in this new work the subject was scanned with an optical 3D scanner to be able to simulate the object itself and its missing part in a 3D modeling software and then print by a 3D printer. The whole process was performed with minimum need to make physical contact with the subject. Its potential in obtaining a less-destructive reconstruction procedure was investigated and its advantages and limitations in comparison to traditional methods were identified. The results indicated that implementing RPT in reconstruction of the missing parts of glass works can lead to none or less-destructive treatment in working with ancient glass masterpieces. The reconstruction process can be achieved in a very short time and higher accuracy and the printed piece can be an exact match of the main work. Several pieces of the missing part or the whole subject can be printed. Soft copy of the subject would be available for future works and can be used in other research centers. The subject can be reprinted with any desired changes in the original design of glass work. It is also achievable to attach the printed piece to the main piece temporarily with keeping the potential of reversibility in conservation of the object. And also the study was subject to the following limitations such as: mono color printing of the missing piece, using a polymer as a printing material, limited transparency in printing filaments and minor errors in the performance of the 3D scanner itself. Keywords: glass objects, conservation, restoration, reconstraction, 3D Scanner, 3D Printer}, Keywords = { glass objects, conservation, restoration, reconstraction, 3D Scanner, 3D Printer}, volume = {6}, Number = {12}, pages = {85-102}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-343-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-343-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mirahmadi, Ahmad and Mahdavipour, Hossei}, title = {Analyzing the method of Hindi Circle for Determining the Direction of mosques’ Qibla (Case Study: Isfahan Jame mosque)}, abstract ={Kaaba known as Qibla and the focus point of Muslim people is of paramount importance. Many scientists in the field of mathematics, astronomy and geography throughout the Islamic world tried to find the exact methods and procedures to determine the direction of Qibla. One of these methods is Hindi Circle used to determine Qibla of mosques. Most often the scientists, scholars and astronomers gathered at the time of a mosque construction and determined the mosque orientation by means of drawing Hindi circle. Hindi Circle is based on the sun movement and the resulted data of the horoscope. To better determination of the issue and sufficient knowledge of Hindi Circle method, Isfahan Jame mosque among Iranian-Islamic mosques have been chosen to be studied. Following investigations on the deviation angle of Qibla in these mosques, it has been found that the orientation of the mentioned mosques does not comply with the real direction of Qibla and there is a deviation angle. The question here is that how this deviation is made in spite of the progresses Muslims made in determining Qibla. Did the methods of determining Qibla direction such as Hindi circle have low accuracy? In order to answer this question Hindi circle method was analyzed based on the coordinates and new and old data. Concerning the studies of some horoscopes and manuscripts, it was concluded that the coordinates and data are not the same in different periods and this is the main reason of deviation from the actual direction of Qibla. In addition more accurate results can be obtained if the Hindi Circle method is used at certain times of the year.}, Keywords = {determining Qibla direction, Hindi Circle, deviation angle of Qibla, horoscope, Isfahan Jame mosque.}, volume = {6}, Number = {12}, pages = {103-114}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-330-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-330-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {bahrampoor, shima and Karimy, Amir-Hossei}, title = {Using Three Dimensional Printer for Reconstruction of Historic Glass Objects}, abstract ={Three-dimensional tools are widely used for various purposes, particularly Three- dimensional printers which play a great role in simplification and acceleration of phases in production process for various fields ranging from medicine to industry. Due to the problems related to the reconstruction of missing parts in restoration of historic glass objects in the methods of molding, casting and formation of reconstructed parts, the present research, aiming to propose an efficient method within this process has suggested 3D printer as a tool with the least intervention and destruction and also high accuracy and as a substitute to the current methods. Research questions are as follows: How is the condition of 3D reconstruction facilities for missing parts of glass objects in Iran? What are the technical and practical advantages and disadvantages of 3D printer in this process? How is the strength and yellowing quality of suggested polymers for reconstruction? The research finalized through verifying both current and 3D technology methods for reconstruction of missing parts.  The compared methods include: filling with Epoxy and also Acrylic resin, Plexiglas and PETE methods as suggestions. Samples were tested for yellowing and Pin on disk. The results showed that Acrylic resin in 3D printer is a proper substitute for reconstruction of the missing parts of glass objects, and Plexiglas using 3D technology method (laser and CNC) is also ranked as the second.}, Keywords = {restoration of glass, three-dimensional printer, three-dimensional scanner, virtual reconstruction.}, volume = {6}, Number = {12}, pages = {115-126}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-376-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-376-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {farshchi, hamidreza and danaienia, ahmad and ashrafi, ahm}, title = {The Geometric System of Single Impost Rasmi-bandi, Derived from Peripheral Circle}, abstract ={Rasmi-bandi is one of the distinctive and original patterns in traditional architecture which provide the ceiling coverage. This domestic artwork represents the mastery of Iranian architects in geometry. Unlike the other architectural geometric ornaments such as Yazdi-Bandi, Muqarnas, kaseh-sazi, Rasmi-bandi seeks an excellent order in the setting. Although appropriate setting is achieved for Rasmi-bandi during implementation by preparing the impost experimentally, but there are some vague points in dimensional symmetry and the provided solutions are not efficient. This paper dealing specifically with the setting of Rasmi-bandi derived from peripheral circles, firstly investigates the history of interaction between mathematicians and architects and the role of geometry in architecture and then by presenting the definition and the status of Rasmi-bandi and the viewpoint of experts, deals with the formation of assorted types of Rasmi-bandi in peripheral circle and its analysis. Providing the frequency table of each type of Rasmi-bandi, providing dimensional asymmetry of Rasmi-bandi settings, and determining the geometric system and the numerical relation among them are some of the findings of this article.}, Keywords = { geometry in architecture, Rasmi-bandi, geometric ratio, peripheral circle}, volume = {6}, Number = {12}, pages = {127-138}, publisher = {Art University of Isfahan}, url = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-292-en.html}, eprint = {http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-292-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran}, issn = {2345-3850}, eissn = {2538-2624}, year = {2016} }